While those specific things have not happened in other Trek shows/movies the spirit of those things are part of Trek tradition. In Voyager Tom Paris is court-martialed but ends up being Voyager's main pilot. In the Menagerie Spock lies and steals Captain Pike and the Enterprise and all is forgiven. Data is manipulated by a signal from his creator and steals the bridge and steals the Enterprise to get to the planet he maker is on. Then nothing happens to him. Kirk could go insane in one episode and be back in the Captains chair by the end of it.
Which episode (or for fairness sake, 2-parter) did all those occur in? I missed that one.
Oh, you have to piece together bits from decades of trek, from dozens of different writers, and conflate them all together simply to handwave the stupidity away. btw, comparing characters that have already earned their place (and, in many cases, are being manipulated against their will) with ones simply being shoehorned into a character "arc" solely to arrive at the scripted end is pretty tenuous. Most of the examples aren't relevant. The only possible one is Tom Paris, but he didn't exactly go drooling and hi-fiving for the helm opportunity, plus he got demoted later anyway, iirc.
No mention of Wesley being almost kicked out of the academy. If Locarno's team were in the new movie and did that maneuver, they'd get medals and instant promotion to command for their "daring" or some shit.