Thanks for the explanation cultcross. I've been a member here now for over seven years and I still haven't been able to get a good grasp on how the English education system works. It seems so completely different from how things work here. So every little bit of additional knowledge helps.
Well if you're really interested, I'm awake too late and drank 3 coffees so can't sleep

Here goes. Things are somewhat complicated by the fact some older systems still operate in some parts. What follows is the most common system, and the one the current government would describe as 'our education system'
We start school in the Academic year we turn 5. This year is called 'Reception'.
The year you turn 6 is 'Year One'
The year you turn 7 is 'Year Two'
8 is 'Year Three'
9 is 'Year four'
10 is 'Year five'
11 is 'Year six'
The above years constitute 'primary school'
The year you turn 12 is 'year seven'
13 is 'year eight'
14 is 'year nine'
15 is 'year ten'
16 is 'year eleven'
The above years constitute 'secondary school'. During years 10 and 11, pupils study for exams (GCSEs) in a range of subjects, sometimes up to 12 or 13 of them. These exams are graded A*-G, with A*-C being 'pass grades'. The exams are taken at the end of Year 11, and represent the end of legally mandatory education.
More and more pupils however stay on at school (or move to a dedicated college) to do two more years, colloquially termed 'the Sixth Form'. This name refers to an older method of naming the year groups, and isn't actually the 'sixth' anything anymore.
The year you turn 17 is 'year 12' or 'The Lower Sixth'
18 is 'year 13' or 'The Upper Sixth'
During these years you study a reduced number of subjects, usually three to five. At the end of year 13 you take more exams called 'A Levels'. The A stands for 'Advanced'. These are graded A-G, with A-E being 'pass grades'. An A* grade is due for introduction next year. Your grades in these exams are used to apply to University places, in a similar manner to SAT scores in the US.
To confuse things further, we too have exams called 'SATs', taken in Years 2, 6 and 9. These are standardised national tests, however they bear absolutely no significance for the pupil, the scores mean next to nothing. They are used primarily for compiling school league tables. As a result, they are controversial and a number of schools, including all those in Wales, now refuse to run them.
Some secondary schools are selective (academically), and are called 'Grammar Schools'. Those not selected (all but the top 15% usually) go to a type of school called a 'Secondary Modern'. Selection is by means of a verbal and mathematical reasoning test at age 11. This system is old, and controversial. The government actually tends to deny knowledge that it still exists

but numerous counties still run them.
Boys and girls only schools are still fairly common in Britain, as are faith schools for Catholic and Church of England denominations.
I think that covers the basics! Let me know if I missed anything
