Your dog example is a poor one, given the assumption is still based in our universe, at best. Not the world of the Terran Empire, were such attributes are viewed as strength.A dog that kills someone is put down regardless of whether it "knows" what it did. Besides that, I don't think you need to "learn" that murder is wrong, thats some Zack Snyder logic (as seen in his "magnum opus" Man of Steel).
How does one learn this? Through modeled behavior, social learning theory, and moral development from interacting with family, peers and the wider community. Some other theorists hold that it is innate, but that is still debated.
So, the claim that "you don't need to learn murder is wrong" assumes that all people think like you.
The book has more lessons on leadership and morality and philosophy than many Star Trek episodes. If the quote fits, I use it.Also, I hope you just quoted Heinlein and his notably fascistic book ironically, although either way I guess that fits with Mirror Georgiou's character (she would also probably hate/not understand the movie, like a lot of a certain group on the internet have been doing recently).