Let's look at the Excelsior for a moment.
2285: Excelsior prototype NX-2000 launched.
2293: Excelsior refit class Enterprise-B launched.
Three Excelsiors with 2XXX registries in service in 2364 (Hood NCC-2541, Repulse NCC-2544, Roosevelt NCC-2573.) Presumably these ships were built during the 23rd century sometime after the NX-2000.
Five Excelsiors with 1XXXX registries (Berlin NCC-14232, Fearless NCC-14598, Okinawa NCC-13958, Potemkin NCC-18253, Tecumseh NCC-14934.) No indication when they were built, but most likely after the turn of the century.
Five Excelsiors with 3XXXX registries (Crockett NCC-38955, Intrepid NCC-38907, Lexington NCC-30405, Livingston NCC-34099, Malinche NCC-38997.) We do know that the Intrepid was in service in 2346, and that Sisko served on the Livingston in the late 2350's. Therefore these ships were probably built around the 2320's-2330's.
Nine Excelsiors with 4XXXX registries (Al-Batani NCC-42995, Cairo NCC-42136, Charleston NCC-42285, Frederickson NCC-42111, Gorkon NCC-40521, Grissom NCC-42857, the aforementioned Hood NCC-42296, Lakota NCC-42768, Valley Forge NCC-43305.) The is nothing to indicate when these ships were built, but going by the above info, they were probably commissioned around the 2330's-2340's.
The two anomalous high Excelsior registries are the Crazy Horse's (NCC-50446) and the Melbourne's (NCC-62043.) For the former, the 50446 registry was given to the ship when it was listed in the Star Trek Encyclopedia as a Cheyenne class starship before it was seen on screen later with stock footage of the Repulse. For the latter, the 62043 registry was taken from the Nebula class version of the Melbourne. I tend to ignore these two registries despite the fact that one was used on screen.
So I estimate that the last Excelsiors were produced around the 2330's-2340's. By the 2350's, there was a switch to the Galaxy 'family' of designs such as the New Orleans, Challenger, Springfield, Cheyenne, Nebula, Freedom and Olympic classes (all with 5XXXX or higher registries.)