Which would, from what we know of the current modern world and existing (para)military uniforms, be the most logical way of arranging division colours, and signifying them in the Trekverse?
Would a broader range of division colours, ala the TOS movies, work best, or the more simpler, three-colour system used by the television series from TOS to ENT?
Also, how would be the best way to 'wear' the colour divisions - 'obviously', such as the uniforms worn in the TOS and TNG television series, or more discretely, e.g. the TWOK and FC uniforms' turtle-necks?
It depends on what you are going for. Large, conspicuous colors generally indicates a hazardous environment where visibility is an advantage. The carrier flight deck is an obvious example, but the short-range, smoke-filled musketry battlefield used to be another.
In modern times, armed forces generally like uniforms to be "uniform," and their personnel to present a unified appearance, so small colored trim would be more in keeping with modern tastes. Also, if you use a number of different colors for large areas of a working uniform, inevitably some will be light and hard to keep clean, which nobody likes.
There are a large number of specialties in modern forces, which could mean a lot of distinctive colors. However, in field and working uniforms, the trend is to show rank insignia only.
(Going off on a tangent, does anyone know if any real life military uniforms colour-code apart from berets and US Navy aircraft carrier deck personnel? Thanks!)
Up through the nineteenth century, color-coding was quite common for army uniforms, to help tell friend from foe in close fighting, and to tell different units apart. When armies switched to less-conspicuous brown, green or gray uniforms c. 1900, the distinctive colors were restricted to small patches and trim, or eliminated completely. But it still survives on many dress uniforms, including the US Army officer blues, which still show the traditional infantry light blue, artillery red, armor yellow, signals orange etc. Modern day USA enlisted blues, however, use yellow trim for everyone.
There is no common international scheme for distinctive colors. Red is popular for infantry, and maroon is very common for medical services, but US infantry uses light blue, while the Germans used white for infantry and light blue for medical. Germany also used to use pink for armor, not a commonly seen military color!
Also, UK and US naval officers used to use colors under the rank stripes for officer specialtes. Line officers had no colored backing, medical officers had maroon, white for supply, purple (RN) or red (USN) for engineering etc.
[N]ot that i'm aware, other than red berets being a popular choice for airborne troops (cf US 82nd Airborne and the UK and Belgian Parachute regiments) and green being a popular choice for special forces (CF US 'Green Berets' and Royal Marines). but then again, different countries have different colours. German Paras, IIRC wear green berets, while the Dutch Marines wear black and the US Army Rangers wear black while black's a common colour in the UK army. and the SAS wear sand-coloured which i don't think anyone else wears.
US Army Rangers, with much protesting, changed to tan berets around 2000 when the black beret became standard for most US Army personnnel. In most armies, black berets are associated with armored troops.
--Justin