The Vulcans did have a very recent reformation. Is it possible that they (foolishly) got rid of their fleet in an attempt to emulate the pacifist Surak? Perhaps relying on the Coalition to defend them while they looked inward and meditated?
Well, at the time this was written, that idea would make some sense. The recent
Lower Decks episode "wej Duj" established that the Vulcans still have a fleet of starships that patrol outside Vulcan space and coordinate with Starfleet on some defense missions, but that of course hadn't been established when
The Beginning was written.
I suppose I question the moral logic of deciding that
you won't engage in violence even in self-defense but still joining a Federation full of others who will do violence to defend you, but it's not a continuity issue. *shrugs*
I think it has to do with Surak’s teachings of non-violence in the Kir’Shara. The war does start only a couple of years after its discovery, and Vulcan under its new government would not want to participate in the conflict. Even applying force over a client state would be considered violence, which explains the complete dissolution of the High Command. The Vulcans became pretty toothless once it was brought to light. The realists were replaced with idealists.
I mean, I don't think the Vulcan High Command pre-Syrannite Reformation was comprised of "realists." It was comprised of imperialists and neocolonialists.
Was he foreign policy? It was always interpreted that he was the leader of United Earth and “Minister” was a shortened form of Prime Minister.
Well, the only thing we saw him do was foreign policy in the form of organizing the Coalition of Planets; when he tried to issue orders Hoshi while she was in command of the NX-01, she refused them because she said he was not part of the United Earth Starfleet chain of command. And you don't generally address a Prime Minister as "Minister," because that's disrespectful -- they're not just members of the cabinet, they're the
leaders of the cabinet; addressing them as "Minister" would be a bit like addressing a captain as "commander," or an admiral "captain," y'know? So while your interpretation is certainly legitimate, I don't share it (at least not during the episodes themselves).
For whatever it's worth, the post-finale ENT novels establish Nathan Samuels as being Prime Minister of United Earth but don't specify how long he has been P.M.; I tend to think he became P.M. shortly after "Terra Prime."
That said, maybe the United Earth government has a President as its head of state ,while the Minister is head of government.
Yeah, that's how parliamentary republics work -- the President is the head of state, and the Prime Minister (sometimes called the Chancellor, or the Taoiseach, or the President of the Council of Ministers, or the President of the Government, or the State Minister -- there are a lot of different names for "Prime Minister" but they ultimately mean the same thing) is the head of government.
And in addition to participating in formal functions, military power resides solely with the United Earth President. The Minister of Earth is responsible for everything else, including bringing a declaration of war to the United Earth President.
Well, in most parliamentary republics, the President is a mostly-ceremonial head of state whose job it is to be a nonpartisan figure of national unity, and all real policy decisions come from the Prime Minister and their cabinet.
But there
are some parliamentary republics where the President has real power but shares it with the Prime Minister, called "semi-presidential" systems; France's constitution is set up this way, where the President must appoint a Prime Minister who has the support of the National Assembly and power is shared between the two. If they're from the same party, usually the President just ends up in charge and the P.M. is his right-hand man; if an opposition party has won the most seats in the National Assembly, the President may have to appoint a member of the opposition as P.M., and the end result there is usually that the President ends up running foreign policy while the P.M. ends up controlling domestic policy.
So yeah, it's possible that United Earth might have a semi-presidential system where the President ends up controlling foreign policy and the Prime Minister is handling domestic. I personally prefer the idea that the President is a ceremonial figure instead, but that's subjective.
It's not
impossible that the United Earth head of government is entitled just "Minister," but it seems extremely implausible to me. I think it makes more sense to assume that Nathan Samuels was Foreign Minister during "Demons/Terra Prime." Maybe there was an election going on in the background that we didn't hear about canonically and he became Prime Minister right afterwards.
This script works well with PIC, in regards to explaining the absence of AI in Romulan society. If the Romulans relied on AI for the war in place of crew composites of admirals, captains, commanders and centurion on ships – waging a phony war of sorts - and then it failed them during the Battle of Cheron in a way that they never trusted AI again, it would explain a lot.
Well, PIC establishes that the Zhat Vash have been active a lot longer than that, but I think there's room to imagine that the Romulan taboo against A.I.s (and the Zhat Vash's covert influence over Romulan society) could wax and wane over the centuries.