We might take this as retroactive establishing that starships in the 2250s really weren't all that resilient after all, and that the ability to shrug off weak-sounding, real-world spatial phenomena was rather unique to heavy caliber ships like the Enterprise...
...And that this state of affair continues as regards non-starships, which are the things that end up being distressed in the 32nd century. I mean, if they could be built as tough as Starfleet battleships, why weren't they back in TOS and ENT already? Unlike the hero ship, they wouldn't have been held back by being built and operated by the backward Starfleet of the upstart, barely centenarian Federation - their operators in the general case would be ruthless commercial entities with millennia of experience in starflight. Possibly it just so happens that ruthless commercial operators never cough up the dough to turn their freighters into battleships, no matter what century or millennium or billennium.
Timo Saloniemi
Doesn't make much sense.
Its a space station. Needs to be designed to be resilient among other things and withstand harshness of space... by the 23rd century already, all space habitats and stations would have to be built using similar standards like they are used for starships.
Similar hull plating, subspace technology, shielding (basic at least capable of deflecting various debris and stellar phenomena), tactical systems, etc.
And even if by some chance this didn't happen, by the 24th century, it would have been. Especially after the Dominion War.
Since then, the passage of time to the 32nd century is humongous. Enhanced hull materials would be ridiculously easy to create on the spot that its not even funny.
They'd have to use subspace technology and shielding as those are pretty basic systems to have on a space station. DS9 (even before it was upgraded to a full blown starbase had those systems).
Each station would have to have its own separate supply of programmable matter, replicators, etc.
EMP's and solar flares? Come on... for basic Trek technology, those are low grade common occurrances.
Even Ion storms and Neutronic Wavefronts of high classifications can be withstood by starships in the 24th century.
Basically, its 'space weather'.
By the 25th and 26th century, space stations would have been insulated almost entirely against those phenomena (and more).
Even in the 24th century, SF encountered a huge amount of anomalies (gravitational and otherwise) that they had ample amount of time to study and devise hull materials and methods to start being resilient to them... by the 32nd century... there would be very little if nothing in the galaxy (anomay wise) that could even faze SF ships.
Neutronium based hulls are basically untouchable against plethora of conventional weapons and natural phenomena... and 32nd century SF has hull composites of Neutronium, organics and holographics (which apparently according to Disco's explanations only sounds cool, but are in fact even worse than 24th century tech?).
I mean, they go through all the trouble of describing how much more advanced hull materials became (even though those advancements were fit for late 25th and 26th century ships), and then in the same episode have a simple EMC kill a Barzan family on a pre-Burn seed ship, whose design was maybe 125 years old (and would still be far more advanced than the Discovery).
What happened to automated systems which would detect such phenomena well in advance via subspace scans and automatically erect ridiculously hyper advanced/powerful and adaptive Metaphasic shields?
Even the 22nd century had automated integration of red alert and preparation of weapons upon detecting large enough impacts on the hull... or even 24th century where a computer automatically detected a vessel approaching at warp, went to yellow alert and automatically raised shields due to proximity alerty.
The NX-01 was able to withstand a Neutronic Wavefrong (albeit of likely lower intensity than the one VOY encountered in the DQ).
Its just lazy writing with so much over the top drama that it makes even the worst past Trek episodes look like they know what they're doing.
Even DS9 (before it became a full fledged starbase and was thoroughly upgraded - this was when it was first introduced when SF came aboard) still had basic subspace technology, some shields and even weapons (pitiful as they were).
And that was a Cardassian mining station to boot which was known as a Federation 'outpost' in early DS9 seasons and even then was able to use fancy subspace tech to make the perilous journey from Bajor's orbit to the mouth of the wormhole).