It doesn't. The Abrams movies are just really stupid, and should be ignored. Agreed, we've reached a level of global communication where linguistic diversity is decreasing, coalescing around fewer and fewer "big" languages, and one central lingua franca (English). I'm an example myself: some of my grandparents spoke Wallonian natively, whereas I'm a native French speaker with only a partial passive understanding of Wallonian. I'm no exception, a language (or should I say a group of languages, one of them being Picard) that was the region's main language is dying out. So, I could see a single language emerging for a whole planet by the time that planet is unified under a single government. All it needs is for that government to decide that teaching happens in X language and a couple of generations later, everyone speaks X natively.
According to canon the Kelvin universe all Starfleet officers were turned into dumb asses due to the same subspace lensflare phenomenon that made Spock emotional every 20mins
And the co-writer and co-producer of those movies runs Star Trek now and had great creative influence on Picard, which spins off from events in the 2009 movie
The phenomenon was eventually discovered by Kelvin Geordie while running a level 2 diagnostic and repaired by reconfiguring the deflector to emit a quantum subspace beam