In Trek incarnations up till TAS in in-universe terms (in English, before the 2270s), the transporter demonstrated no capacity for manipulating that which it transported. All it could do was take the stuff on the platform and turn it into phased matter that then traveled to another place and popped back into the regular, unphased realm.
In TAS, there were two cases where the transporter was able to "restore factory settings" to the transportee. Basically, those involved reversing the effect of an anomaly of the week that had made universe weird at the spot containing the transportee, not curing something wrong with the transportee as such.
TNG did the restoring in one episode as well, this time curing a bona fide disease (albeit weird) - a century after the more limited era described in ENT, DSC, TOS and TAS. So your question is quite relevant for the 24th century and beyond. But the writers themselves wanted to forget all about that single TNG episode, it seems: no resetting of people after "Unnatural Selection". It really shouldn't work the way it was shown to work: if a person is restored to a previous state of existence, she shouldn't retain her memories of events that happened after that previous state, yet Pulaski seems to get up to speed on those events in seconds, implying actual recall.
Or then she's the same sort of awesome as Captain Pike in the recent adventures, taking six impossible things in the stride without breakfast, and the "transporter reset from hair follicle" cure actually kills the patient and replaces her with another, younger one. I could still see the heroes using that one on their important ones, so this remains a storytelling problem. But only if we remember that "Unnatural Selection" happened. It's not a common, integral or crucial property of the transporter as a machine, and the stories do fine without it.
Timo Saloniemi