I reserve the right to disagree with the screenwriter, especially given all the amateurish mistakes the TNG screenwriters made, although those are not present in this episode.
Erm, okay. Screenwriters do generally have a pretty good idea of who the central character is though...
And while Picard gets the character arc, the story is ultimately about whether Data will be granted the rights of a sentient being. It's about Data.
By that logic any legal drama would be about the defendant rather than the lawyer, which isn't the case. Again, Data takes "the role of the catalyst for the plot". Sure, Data's decisions inform the story, but so do the decisions of several other characters.
Data decides he'd rather leave Starfleet than be taken apart, but he's almost entirely passive after that, and that decision is really only a slight escalation of the episode's central story - it's what lays out the struggle for our protagonist to work around. The ultimate resolution comes due to Picard's action, and it's his struggle throughout the episode more than it is Data's.
Data is the subject, not the main character. You're right, the episode is about Data, but that doesn't make him the protagonist.
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