And yet, the
Enterprise-D did...
(We just never
saw them in use
on camera beyond the second season, and rarely before that, because they merely made for extra unnecessary VFX work with not much in the way of dramatic return, since a group of people staring at a hologram is much the same as said group of people staring at a screen or monitor. But surely they were always
still there in-universe, yes?)
The TNG viewscreen itself was supposed to be an intuitive holographic display with depth, too, rather than a flat (or even curved) projection. That's why when we see the same shot from different angles, the corresponding perspective
within the displayed view changes accordingly:
The E had a wholly holographic viewscreen in
First Contact as well, like the ones on DS9. There just wasn't a window behind it! (Or were the blast doors simply closed? Or was that
itself a holographic trick too?

)
Oh, they were trying out a "new holo-communicator" in "For The Uniform" (DS9), sure...but that can quite easily be taken to mean a new
model, not a previously non-existent category of thing altogether. The particularly striking thing about it was that it was entirely solid, as if the person were actually
there on the bridge and not a mere projection:
This would no doubt explain why it was confined to a single small area; it's all well and good for an intangible ghost like Anderson's in "Battle At The Binary Stars" to go traipsing around your bridge, passing harmlessly through things, but a firm-as-flesh potential saboteur like Eddington? Too risky.
Besides, the
Defiant was explicitly introduced as a tough little prototype with
"no luxuries of any kind...designed for one purpose only: to fight and defeat the Borg." No holodeck on her either. It would be a waste. (And the
Malinche was an
Excelsior...perhaps after their ignominious beginnings they were somewhat stripped down in terms of bells and whistles as well, and Harry in "Flashback" [VGR] knew his history a bit better than we've given him credit for!)
Here I would also point out Ronald D. Moore's own
reasoning behind introducing it in the first place:
"That's something I had been pushing for because I just think it's so absurd that in the twenty-fourth century they have holodeck technology that allows them to recreate Ancient Rome, but everybody talks to each other on television monitors. It's just so lame. The viewscreens have been around for over thirty years. Can't we move to something a little more interesting? But it's like pulling teeth." (Star Trek: Deep Space Nine Companion, p. 419)
Meanwhile, the one back on the station in "Doctor Bashir, I Presume" (DS9) looked to be much the same as those in DSC, and nothing was ever said about
it being new, so we might as well just assume it was always there...
(Perhaps it's even quite
old!)
There again, perhaps this would only be a limitation for a solid, sophisticated, sentient hologram like the EMH, which was a brand new, experimental thing. Could be a compatibility issue. Or a bandwidth or buffering issue. (Such issues no doubt existed in
Discovery's time as well; if you just want a mirror image of yourself standing motionless projected a foot or two way, photorealism may be achieved, but real-time conversations over longer distances pose greater challenges on that front.) Or a power consumption issue. They were always (ostensibly) concerned about that aboard
Voyager, given their situation. That's why they
rationed holodeck use! (And, presumably, avoided gratuitous use of holography elsewhere.)
-
MMoM