Ah, accuracy with the semantics, please - what I said was that every era shows that many starship designs exist. And TOS is one of those, even when it fails to actually show those competing starship types on screen. There are past starships (the Archon), there are parallel starships with different crew counts (the Intrepid, the war games ships), there are starships with registries all over the place (the Constellation, the ships of "Court Martial").
In contrast, there is no TOS line to the effect of "There are X starships in the Fleet"... Nor in any other era, for that matter.
Timo Saloniemi
"The Return of the Archons":
Captain's Log. Stardate 3156.2. While orbiting planet Beta Three trying to find some trace of the starship Archon that disappeared here a hundred years ago, a search party consisting of two Enterprise officers were sent to the planet below. Mister Sulu has returned, but in a highly agitated mental state. His condition requires I beam down with an additional search detail.
I find it quite easy to believe that the
Archon was an older and different class of starship than the
Enterprise, but I find it hard to believe that starships of the
Archon's class are still in service a century later in the era of TOS. They might be, but there is no reason to say that they probably are, especially considering what Tyler said in "Menagerie" about the time barrier being broken and starships becoming much faster.
There is very little evidence for different numbers of crew in different starships in TOS. In "Charlie X" Kirk says there are 428 people on the
Enterprise at that time.
In "The Immunity Syndrome":
SPOCK: Captain, the Intrepid. It just died. And the four hundred Vulcans aboard, all dead.
SPOCK: Doctor, even I, a half-Vulcan, could hear the death scream of four hundred Vulcan minds crying out over the distance between us.
So the
Intrepid in "The Immunity Syndrome" had only 0.934 as many persons aboard as the
Enterprise in "Charlie X". Maybe Vulcans are 1.07 times as efficient as Humans - many Vulcans would claim much more than that - and only need 0.934 times as many crew members as Humans. Maybe the
Enterprise was a little over crowded in "Charlie X" for some reason.
In "The Ultimate Computer":
KIRK: There's your murder charge. Deliberate. Calculated. It's killing men and women. Four starships, sixteen hundred men and women!
DAYSTROM: Survive, yes. Protect yourself, but not murder. You must not die. Men must not die. To kill is a breaking of civil and moral laws we've lived by for thousands of years. You've murdered hundreds of people. We've murdered. How can we repay that?
KIRK: You have already rendered one starship either dead or hopelessly crippled. Many lives were lost.
KIRK: But you have murdered. Scan the starship Excalibur, which you destroyed. Is there life aboard?
M5: No life.
KIRK: Intership communications. This is the captain speaking. In approximately one minute, we'll be attacked by Federation starships. The M-5 no longer controls the ship, but neither do we control it. The M-5 has left itself, and us, open for destruction. For whatever satisfaction we may get from the knowledge, our nineteen lives will buy the survival of over one thousand of our fellow starship crewmen.
All of these quotes are consistent with an average compliment of about 400 per starship. And not even I am picky enough to think that there is enough of a difference between "about 400" and "428" to claim that a starship with only "about 400" crew members has to be a different class than one with 428 persons aboard. It is certainly possible that some of the starships in "The Ultimate Computer" were members of other starship classes that happened to look similar to the
Enterprise's class on the outside. I have even suggested that. But I would never have thought that such a minor difference in crew numbers would be an argument in favor of it.
In science fiction the word starship means any spacecraft used for interstellar manned voyages, especially faster-than-light voyages. TOS certainly showed the existence of many alien and Federation ship designs that were starships by that definition. But according to the starfleet definition of a starship, there was only evidence of one starship design, possibly consisting of one class, possibly of several different classes, but one basic design.
According to Star Trek Script Search there are only four cases of the phrase "star ship":
"The Enterprise Incident":
TAL: (a thin male) You have been identified as the star ship Enterprise, Captain James T. Kirk last known to be in command.
"The Tholian Web"
Captain's log, stardate 5693.2. The Enterprise is approaching the last reported position of the star ship Defiant, which vanished without trace three weeks ago. We are in unsurveyed territory.
"The Tholian Web":
SPOCK: Spock, in command of the Federation star ship Enterprise. Commander, according to the Federation, this area is free space.
"Wink of An Eye":
COMPUTER: Immediate purpose, seizure and control of Federation Star ship Enterprise and crew. Data insufficient for determination of end purpose.
Searching for "starship" instead of "star ship" in TOS and TAS got 226 results in 213 excerpts. Of these very few indicated that "starship" could be used about a non starfleet vessel. Thsoe few exceptions are listed below:
"Arena":
KIRK: The Enterprise is dead in space, stopped cold during her pursuit of an alien raider by mysterious forces, and I have been somehow whisked off the bridge and placed on the surface of an asteroid, facing the Captain of the alien ship. Weaponless, I face the creature the Metrons called a Gorn. Large, reptilian. Like most humans, I seem to have an instinctive revulsion to reptiles. I must fight to remember that this is an intelligent, highly advanced individual, the Captain of a starship, like myself, undoubtedly a dangerously clever opponent.
"Mirror, Mirror":
MARLENA: You don't rise to the command of a starship or even higher.
This is the Mirror Universe, not Federation Starfleet.
"Elaan of Troyius":
SCOTT: Manoeuvre? Aye. We can wallow like a garbage scow against a warp-driven starship.
"Beyond the Farthest Star":
MCCOY: It's a starship like nothing I've ever seen. The size of it.
SPOCK: Negative to both, Captain. Unknown alloy, harder and lighter than any registered metal. It is not a recorded galactic starship design. Retro analysis of the ship's spectra dates it as having been in orbit here for slightly more than three hundred million years.
UHURA: It's beautiful. What kind of people could have built it, to touch even a starship with grace and beauty?
KIRK: This is, was, the control centre of the starship. These must be control and navigational instruments.
SULU: Bridge to Captain Kirk. Something's activating the ship's phaser banks. They're locking on the alien starship.
"The Lorelei Signal":
Captain's log, stardate 5483.7. The Enterprise is en route through an unfamiliar sector of space where a series of Earth Federation ships have disappeared mysteriously during the last a hundred and fifty years. Recent joint discussions with the Klingon and Romulan Empires have revealed that a starship has disappeared in this sector precisely every twenty seven point three four six star years.
"The Time Trap":
Captain's log, stardate 52.2. We have just entered the Delta Triangle, a vast, uninhabited sector of our galaxy in which a high number of mysterious disappearances of starships have been recorded since ancient times. The Enterprise has been assigned the mission of surveying this area, and if possible, determining the cause of these disappearances.
SPOCK: Captain, on the viewscreen.
ANNOTATION: (A starship graveyard as far as they can see)
KIRK: It's like a vast Sargasso Sea. A graveyard of ships from every civilisation imaginable.
Technically none of the characters calls the alien ships in the graveyard "starships".
Memory Alpha claims that the
Antares in "Charlie X" is "a Federation starship operated by Starfleet".
http://memory-alpha.wikia.com/wiki/Antares
Captain Ramart and First Officer Nellis wear Starfleet-like uniforms so the
Antares could be a Starfleet vessel. But it is said to have a twenty man crew.
CHARLIE: How many humans like me on this ship?
RAMART: Like a whole city in space, Charlie. Over four hundred in the crew of a starship, aren't there, Captain?
KIRK: Four hundred and twenty eight, to be exact. Is there anything we can do for you, Captain? Medical supplies, provisions?
In "Court Martial":
STONE: Stop recording. Now, look, Jim. Not one man in a million could do what you and I have done. Command a starship. A hundred decisions a day, hundreds of lives staked on you making every one of them right. You're played out, Jim. Exhausted.
Stone says that starships have crews of hundreds. Therefore Starfleet ships with smaller crews can't be starships.
In "The Enterprise Incident":
KIRK: Instrument failure caused navigational error. We were across the Neutral Zone before we realised it, then we were surrounded by your ships before we could get back.
COMMANDER: A starship? One of the Starfleet's finest vessels? You're saying instrument failure as radical as you suggest went unnoticed until you were well past the Neutral Zone?
The Commander's words suggest that a starship is one of the Starfleet's finest vessels, and that the majority of Starfleet ships are lower than starships in guality. (of course there could be a type of Starfeet vessel considered even better than starships.) Thus the majority of TOS era Starfleet vessels would seem to be classified as mere spaceships instead of as starships.
In "The Doomsday Machine":
PALMER: Sir, I'm picking up a ship's disaster beacon.
KIRK: Try to raise it, Lieutenant.
SPOCK: I have it on the sensors, Captain. By configuration, a starship stopped in space. She appears to be drifting.
When they see the starship it looks a lot like the
Enterprise.
Spock says the ship has starship configuration. There seem to be only three possibilities:
1) The starship type of Starfleet vessels contains only one class, the same class as the
Enterprise, and Spock detects the configuration of the starship type and of the
Enterprise's class. All starships have a saucer, a secondary hull, and two nacelles, connected by struts.
2) The starship type of Starfleet vessels contains several different classes, that all have the same basic configuration as the
Enterprise's class, and Spock detects the basic configuration of a starship without yet detecting the precise configuration of a specific class of starship. All starships have a saucer, a secondary hull, and two nacelles, connected by struts, but there is some variation between classes of starships.
3) The starship type of Starfleet vessels contains several different classes, that have two or more basic configurations, and Spock detects the precise configuration of the
Starship class of the starship type (the
Starship class might be named after a U.S.S.
Starship). In a
Star Trek canon that included only TOS, there would be no proof that the
Enterprise is a member of the
Constitution class, and thus it might be a member of the
Starship class. Otherwise the
Starship class and the
Constitution class look very similar from the outside.
This alternative seems like the only possibility for the possibility that "many starship designs
exist in the era of TOS." Or at least starship designs with noticeably different arrangements of saucers, secondary hulls, and nacelles.
What about possible multiple noticeably different starship designs in
Discovery?
Discovery might be in an alternate universe to TOS.
Discovery is apparently over a decade before TOS, and the class types of Starfleet vessels and the terminology to describe them might change radically in that time.
Timo said:
Every Trek era shows there are multiple starship designs in parallel service - sometimes in pairs or trios of the Nacelles Up / Nacelles Down / Four Nacelles fashion, sometimes simply with older and newer models serving side by side.
And there may be ships with different designs and representing different classes in TOS. But no ships that are both called Starships and are seen on screen in TOS show more than the slightest external differences from whatever class the
Enterprise is. There are no big differences like the number or arrangement of nacelles, for example, in ships that are both called starships and are seen onscreen in TOS.
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For some reason the Trek BBS is very difficult for me to use compared to other boards.