I'm still even after all the episodes still confused as to what they do as a organization. The ship doesn't seem to explore or do much science experiments. They don't seem to be doing military operations all that much. My best guess is the Union is kind of Starfleet like though I wouldn't be shocked if they had a military branch that is kind of ran seperatly which means they are not quite as melded as you see in Starfleet.
As for the Orville I think it is supose to be exploring space but unlike the Enterprise it isn't equipped for long-term study or major scientific tests but more like a scout ship that searches out interesting stuff and reports back and then a more equipped ship is sent to really explore in more depth what was found. Once in awhile they do got to carry out missions that are a little more important but that isn't the ship or crews main jobs.
Jason
As for the Orville I think it is supose to be exploring space but unlike the Enterprise it isn't equipped for long-term study or major scientific tests but more like a scout ship that searches out interesting stuff and reports back and then a more equipped ship is sent to really explore in more depth what was found. Once in awhile they do got to carry out missions that are a little more important but that isn't the ship or crews main jobs.
Jason