"U.S. Code of law explicitly limits the total number of vice admirals that may be on active duty at any given time. The total number of active-duty flag officers is capped at 160 for the navy.[1" So using the above as an example for just Vice Admirals, this is about 0.0005% of the US population of 320 million (estimate). Now the Federation has a population in the trillions, 9.85 trillion by the 24th century (Memory Beta). So for just one section of flag officers, 0.0005% of 9.85 trillion is 4.925 billion! So how big does Starfleet have to be, to be the effective exploratory and militant arm of the Federation? They need their own damn planet for head quarters, San Francisco would be way to small!
160 is 0.00005% of 320,000,000 and it would be 4.925 MILLION not billion, to apply the same percentage to 9.85 trillion. still a huge number, but your maths is off by a factor of 10. It's extremely unlikely that starfleet would apply the same ratio as the us navy do - even discounting the maths.
I tend to be rather skeptical of B-canon sources, as they are often wildly contradictory, and at times have their licenses revoked by Paramound/CBS for doing rather dubious things with the franchise. But concerning on-screen instances, we've been told that the loss of 39 ships at Wolf 359 was a significant blow to Starfleet. So I would interpret that to mean that the total number of starships in service at any given time is in the three figures - fewer than 1,000. If we suppose that Starfleet has perhaps half as many starbases as it has starships, but starbases require three times the crew capacity... So I'll get a bit liberal with the estimations: 1,000 starships, average crew of 250 persons: 250,000 starship crew 500 starbases, average crew of 750 persons: 375,000 starbase crew And let's say for sake of argument that we can double the number of starship and starbase personnel to account for Starfleet personnel stationed on Earth, Earth Spacedock, Utopia Planetia, Jupiter Station, etc. My rough estimation of just spitballing numbers on this winds up at approximately 1,250,000 Starfleet personnel.
In the Dominion War. if I'm not mistaken, there are 6000 federal ships in just one battle. Or the translation it's wrong?
In VOY "Life Line" Dr. Zimmerman mentions that there were 675 instances of the EMH Mark I active in Starfleet before it was discontinued. Possibly a rough estimate of how many starships were active at the time.
The thing is losing 39 ships at 359 can be called a significant loss whilst still reconciling with the thousands of vessels we see in DS9. The difference is that those 39 ships were lost in peacetime, where such losses are unexpected, the DS9 were mustered in wartime and represent the culmination of months of preparation, if not years in some cases. If the US Navy were to lose 2 escort type vessels tomorrow due to a tragic accident it would dominate the news for days and be remembered in the public consciousness for years. It would constitute a significant loss of life and assets, requiring years to replace and a significant spending of public money in the form of inquiries, rebuilds, crew training, insurance investigations..... That does not alter the fact that the US Navy is capable of mustering forces orders of magnitude greater if needs be, it simply reflects the fact that ships and the lives aboard are not viewed as disposable. In wartime the perspective on such losses changes because those assets are being deployed into situations and roles where both the risks and the consequences are far greater. They are being expected to defend their nation against enemy action so the chances of their loss are greater as are the stakes involved. Thus the powers that be fully expect to lose some portion of those deployed and will deploy them en masse in an attempt to sway the odds. 39 ships lost unexpectedly in peacetime is a terrible shock and a major incident. 39 lost in a major engagement against overwhelmingly superior forces involving thousands of ships, whilst never a good thing, is part of the on going cost of fighting a war.
Well around 600 ships made up of elements of three fleets. We know starfleet had at least 10 fleets during the Dominion War. So if they used 50% of the strength of 3 fleets to get to ~600 ships and assuming each fleet has an equal number of ships we get a number of ~4000 ships. But lets examine the size of the UFP by the TNG/DSN/VOY era it spans 8000ly and has over 150 members. So for me a population of 1 trillion or so seems reasoanble but not much more than that.
The number changed, it's that simple. 12 was large for a class of ship in TOS. In STNG 39 ships was a big fleet. In DS9 they had 6 fleets with 100s of ships each, the largest we saw was about 600, and 6 wasn't even all the fleets. I made an estimate of about 19,000 ships, with about 5,000 auxiliaries after the dominion war. The USA had about 9,000 ships of all types at the end of WWII, probably about 1,500 were large combatants. I think a dozen or so major industrial planets out of the 150 in the UFP could handle such a production number. PS: Found the old list: I used "canon" ships only:
For what it's worth to the discussion, over in the Star Fleet Battles universe, the game Federation & Empire (F&E) is considered to be a massive game. The General War starts in Year 168 (after contact with the Vulcans) between the Klingons and Lyrans vs. Kzintis and Hydrans (Lyrans and Hydrans are on the far side of the Klingon Empire). The Federation has at that time 125 ships (including 30 Constitution-class Heavy Cruisers & Command Cruisers), plus 47 older ships in mothball status. They build another 34 ships befor getting pulled into the War in Year 171. The General War runs for another fourteen years, to Year 185, during which time the Federation builds roughly another 773 ships, of which 332 are Light Cruiser size and 354 are War Destroyer / Frigate size. In the game, they lose tons of ships of course, but assuming they don't lose a single ship they would have a fleet of 979 main-line ships by the end of the war. So, when you're talking fleets of 6,000 to 19,000 combat ships, it boggles the mind. I would not want to game that out.
They did mention on DS9 that allowing the Dominion to have 2800 ships pass through the wormhole would essentially grant them an immediate total victory. So I think it's fair to say that whatever estimates for Starfleet's total size is, it shouldn't be any larger than one or two thousand starships.
In TNG Starfleet is portrayed as being extremely selective in its admissions implying only a small amount of those interested in Starfleet get accepted. It's unclear if Nog's admission implies academic standards had been lowered for Dominion War fears or if Sisko's recommendation is just that valued. 9 trillion seems a reasonable estimate if member planets are on the order of high three figures, but not all of them necessarily have the same interest in serving as officers.
You're neglecting to think of the size of the galaxy, and the UFP's space in it. Space is big, and even the UFP's tiny slice is still gigantic by our standards: Travelling through the "official" Federation (8000 ly) at warp 6 = 20 years at warp 8 = 8 years at warp 9 = 5 years at warp 9.6 = 4 years Even with the Dominion war it would take time to move fleets and not all fleets would abandon their part of the normal Federation patrol zone. So 9 out of 20 fleets involved in the Dominion War doesn't seem unreasonable. Incidentally, this size is another reason to have such a large overall number of ships. Even mothballed, they could be based close to their respective borders for whatever contingency. RAMA
Using the US as an example again, just for the sake of it Active duty personnel armed forces 1,281,900 This is .004% even with that ratio using the Federation population, Starfleet should have at least 395 million members on active duty. Or using the UK active armed forces 196,840 including reserves, population 64.1 million Ratio 0.003% or 302 million members. Lets assume a third are human since it is a Terran based organisation thats 100 million humans in Starfleet. A plausible in universe scenario?
2 800 in one large fleet, how quickly could the Federation Alliance pull together a fleet that size. In Operation Return the Federation had assembled a fleet of 600 or so ships and it was still outnumbered 2 to 1 and it wasn't until Klingon re-enforcements (with the element of surprise)arrived that they were able to turn the battle towards their favour.
^It takes years to cross from one side of the Federation to the other or with transwarp beaming five minutes so it depends...
Some other games and books have come up with figures: Federation Reference Series: 36 Saladin 13 Achernar 12 Federation 22 Renner 26 Knox Class 22 Avenger Class 3 Menhaga 7 Mitannic 28 Belknap 8 Enterprise 10 Asencion 9 Federation(uprated) 514 Independence Class Transports 306 Sherman Class Transports 15 Ptolemy Class In addition, the related SPO book "Starship Design" suggests 362 ships of ALL types are constructed over a 5 year period, Of which 46 are cruisers and above. The total here is 1031. This doesn't include all possible ships, but major classes. I suspect they felt it was the bulk of the fleet. Starfleet Dynamics puts the fleet size at 3137, of which only 937 are major combatants. The STNG FASA manual: 38 Excelsiors 50 Enterprise 26 Constellation 240 Decker Class 12 Royal Sovereign Class 13 M'Benga Hospital Ships 17 Sagan Class Science Vessels 33 Wellington Class 25 Paine Class 22 Moscow Class 15 Ambassadors 2 Galaxy Class 3945 Shuttles 1500 Long Range Shuttles That's 593 major ships. In the "canon" universe there is no set number, yet if we assume as many fleets as numbers (I believe 9 is still the highest?), then we multiply it by the 600+ of Sisko's fleet, we have at least 5400, though the composition is uncertain. Are they all warships? To sustain a war with the Dominion, a power which summoned over 2000 ships for an invasion, Starfleet must come somewhere near them in total numbers, though not over(add to that allied fleets of course). Automation should have reduced the need for personnel, much like on ships of the current navy. Even at half your total and .002% the Federation could have a lot of beings in Starfleet.