The original "The Cage" Enterprise is outdated. If you don't get that, I can't help you. The overall shape of course remains, but, from TOS on, it got tweaked and updated.How's the original Enterprise outdated? Most of the stuff you claimed was was used for the Abramsverse one, too.
The Abramsverse is unlike most other Trek in that it's basically a live-action comic book.
There are no Starfleet engineers.Well, true, but the fact remains that there is no inconsistency, especially when we consider that the difference between various drives would not be nit picking to a starfleet engineer.
If you want to choose to ignore reality so that the show can fall ass-backwards to making sense, that is your choice, but it's not fully "logical," commander.That the line has a dramatic purpose within the plot is irrelevent, every line has some purpose as delivered, that in no way alters the fact that the inconsistency is based on unfounded assumptions and faulty logic. That is not working to do anything, I have no desire to protect the show's integrity, its an objective assessment of the evidence as shown.

Same issue. We can interpret Khan to mean something other than he does, but that is not his intent. In-universe he's saying, "I saw you [on the bridge, with the rest of those assholes] betraying me," minus the brackets. That's the way it was delivered by the character and presented to us by God (the director).I have no way of knowing what was in the heads of the script writers, nor do you, but again irrelevent. The same observation could be made of any two disparate on screen events to fudge the matter. The fact is there is often quoted to be an inconsistency in universe where in fact there is not.