No central authority to agree on reformation or moderation of fundamentalism
Faiths rarely have any such thing, and where such a "central authority" existed it would become the instant focus of vicious conspiracy theories (cf. the Papacy and anti-Catholicism). Red herring.
The death penalty for apostasy
Controversial and on the wane in the Muslim world because of its being at odds with the religion's other creeds against compulsion in religion. Anyone claiming it as an essential part of Islam is "oversimplifying" or outright lying.
Jihad, the religious duty of Muslims to maintain the religion, sometimes said to be universal warfare against infidels or non-believers (non-Muslims) who will not convert
Jihad in real terms, in the minority of cases where it refers to actual warfare at all, rarely amounts to much more than any other culture's concept of "just war" in self-defense or against tyranny (like
so), except in the hands of kooks like ISIS and Boko Haram who are universally condemned in the Muslim world. Red herring.
Subjugation of women and accusations that the Quran encourages husbands to chastise, beat or whip wives
Sexism is obviously a real issue for Islam but not one that can or will be solved by blanket hostility to the entire faith; people advocating blanket hostility likely do not really care about this issue as much as they like to claim. [The supposed concern in many Islamophobic quarters with "subjugation of women" is visibly just a pretext, for instance, not any form of genuine feminism, as evinced by the fact that their most common means of addressing visible signs of "subjugation" like the hijab is to attempt to control and police women's bodies and choices instead of, say, bothering to find out what actual Muslim feminists recommend as solutions to these problems.]
Islam considers itself is the final and only true religion
Red herring. Many forms of Judaism, Christianity and other faiths consider themselves to be the "true religion." Claiming this is a bigger problem for Islam -- one of the very few faiths whose scriptures actually enjoin its followers to religious tolerance -- is a simple lie.
Violence to induce fear against free speech representations of Muhammad and other such offenses
Red herring, mostly.The vast majority of Muslims have nowt to do with "violence to induce fear against free speech representations." Moreover the "free speech representations of Muhammad" often crying their victimry to the skies in these cases are often
Der Sturmer-style racist caricatures specifically intended to demonize and intimidate Muslims. That some Muslims react badly to this -- in a world where such caricatures are helping to drive actual bombing and murder and invasion of many of their home countries -- is not at all surprising, whether or not one sees the reaction itself as constructive (obviously I'd prefer
everyone found an alternative to violence, and the advocacy of violence).
Shariah as a sovereign entity above the indigenous legal system (e.g., replaces United States law for Muslims)
Red herring except as regards outlier cases like Saudi Arabia -- whose system is an isolated one, despite its prominence -- or the bandit territories of movements like ISIS. Sharia is not a "sovereign entity" even in an Islamic revolutionary republic like Iran. Beliefs that it is attempting to replace the United States constitution, or any other are generally pure conspiracy theory designed around classic "fitfh column" xenophobia narratives.
Basically none of the typical objections to "Islam" are valid excuses for promoting blanket hostility to the religion, any more than there are valid excuses for promoting blanket hostility to Christianity or Judaism. That many people imagine Islam to be a valid target of hate rhetoric they would instantly recognize as vile directed at anyone else is not a function of religious critique in any way, it's simply an incurious willingness to think according to preconceived stereotypes whose relationship with the actual religion is at best elliptical.