SHIELD had access to everything Howard made, including the hover car and Arc technology.
The important thing is, only Tony could make it viable, and portable (and stable). And he has chosen not to give the rather important breakthroughs needed for that to nearly everyone.
He likely only elaborated on his fathers work to help SHIELD with what they already knew to help the Insight Class fly with the new engines. And power them potentially.
But he alone still holds the ability to make the full one Arc reactors, full size and small, and importantly, the new element that makes the much more powerful version.
Vanko had access to his fathers shared schematics for a smaller arc reactor, built one figuring out the rest with his own intellect. Tony told him how to double the power, which he later apparently did.
He had access to War Machine for a while, resprayed it, built guns into it, reprogrammed it, likely used the arc/repulsor tech to go for a quick and dirty finish on a drone army that may not have been all that great in sustained use to take out Iron Man. It all blowed up, so that's that.
Everyone who gets hold of Tony's tech for some amount of time either dies, it all blows up, or they're on his side and stop people stealing it.
Falcon's flying suit...no idea.
Seeing as how Stane was the Big Gun at SI at that time, he would have had access to repulsor tech to use in the Iron Monger. What he couldn't do is replicate the miniature arc reactor. That's why he stole the one from Tony's chest.
He had access to the version in the Jerico, Tony went all out on the suits. Even Obi's version was noticeably less advanced and wasteful than the Mark III armour, as well as other drawbacks he didn't think of.
So yes, Obi had them, but a much less effecient variety. He was a smart man, he had some brilliant scientists working for him and would undoubtidly have made his personal Mark II much better, but he won't be doing that now...
