The Enterprise is behind the station.
The Enterprise is in front of the station.
It's really pretty obvious.
You mean arbitrary?
Neither object obscures the other, for VFX-technical reasons. The lighting is all over the place. And we never witness anything suggesting a complete orbit. Indeed, shots from the station office suggest there is no orbit and no motion, as the Enterprise is visible through the office window every time the camera looks that way.
Timo Saloniemi