I refuse to believe that the Vulcans after half a million years in space didn't have transporters since by the time time Emery was still trying to invent sub quantum beaming, the Vulcan's had already boxed the subject as a good laugh.
Here's the real reason. The Vulcans were bound by the Prime Directive not to effect the development of any alien cultures, and as piss poor as there were about that, midwifing mankind into the greater galaxy (4 days from Qu'Onos!), which is why the Vulcans were nice enough to pretend that transporters do not exist. If humans saw how well a Vulcan transporter worked, it would knock decades of their beta testing. This is also why the Andorians do not know what a transporter is, the Vulcans are doing their best to still pretend that the technology is impossible... Wait? That sounds familiar? So they did know that Time travel was possible but they didn't want the humans to know that it was possible?
The Malurians, who were trading partners with the Tellerites, who were wiped out by the Nomad probe in 2267, a century earlier tussled with Captain Archer in ENT Civilization, where their ship had working transporters, which was only a month or three after Enterprise went to Qo'noS.