Both Dr. Erskine and Howard Stark were part of the SSR. There's your science. The post war version, or at least the office Peggy is attached to ,does seem a little light on the science.
Probably because one of their chief science guys was killed by a Nazi saboteur and the other one is currently their target under suspicion of treason.
Peggy's office does seem to be more interested in inforcement rather the scientific research though, clearly the start of SHIELD. And with their use of torture it's easy to see how Hydra would later take over SHIELD.