In general, saying "X in Star Trek (that is, TOS, Kirk Trek, the 23rd century adventures, whatchamacallem) must be like this because Star Trek was written in the 1960s when X was like that" is pretty silly, not only because Star Trek (that is, TOS etc) is still being written today, but more because most of Star Trek
wasn't written in the 1960s. Indeed, most of Star Trek was never written - it exists as the sum total of everything that was
and wasn't written, insofar as the two don't contradict each other (in which case written Trek wins).
McCoy may have attended all sorts of special training regimes, but the Starfleet word for those appears to be "Academy". At least until a different regime is mentioned by name; there is no explicit Trek to prove or disprove the existence of those different names. This is no big deal, as TOS already told that Academy training is flexible in length and depth, and the new movies only reinforce that in every possible fashion.
In the tos series perhaps. The reboot writers had already stated that they use the newest theory about time travel that is quantum mechanics and the creation of quantum realities. One can't use the old theory to explain this story because the writers purposely made the choice to follow the current theory.
Oh, make no mistake - those are bullshit theories. There's no time travel, and "quantum realities" are whatever the writer wants them to be, regardless of whether he writes Hollywood scripts or scientific articles. It's just that Hollywood writing makes more money than Journal of Low Temperature Physics writing.
Furthermore, Star Trek isn't based on "theory" or "science" in any sense of the words. It's purely empirical - what appears to bring in money must be real and correct. If people involved say differently, they are lying to make more money.
Another bullshit source. There's nothing in that movie or any other to say that "plans for
Constitution were pushed back".
This we don't know ...or more correctly we know because the writers said he's our Chekov
The writers don't appear in that movie or any other. There's no point in listening to them if the intent is to find out what goes on in the Star Trek universe. They don't know! Or more accurately, they don't know what the next set of writers will think of the Star Trek universe. And if they don't write it out and film it, their thinking will never become relevant.
Timo Saloniemi