My goal isn't to talk about the tech aspect or about in-universe explanation about the evolution of these settings. It's more about our preferences as viewers. I exclude here the Journey to Babel case where Chekov fired torpedoes from science station because it's clearly an exception.
We have the original setting we can see in The Corbomite Maneuver and Balance Of Terror. The weaponry is controlled by a specific crew. In Corbomite, they're under the navigator's command and in Balance they're directly obeying to the Captain. It's a naval (or submarine) setting. I find interresting to see Lieutenant Bailey commanding this crew, it gives value to his rank. In Balance, it provided a less bridge centered action, but this episode also shown us how this setting could be inefficient. If Spock haven't returned to the phaser room, nobody would have fired on the Romulan vessel. It's really not an optimal setting and it's quite odd to have an under-automated weaponry on a highly advanced.
We have after that the classical setting for TOS: the weaponry's directly controlled at the helm and the navigation. It's no more a boat or a submarine, it's a fighter aircraft. It's more efficient, but the action becomes really more bridge centered. As we can see in Search for Spock, it's perfect for a skeleton crew. However, I don't think it's the best setting. If the ship needs to use its weapons, it also means it needs to move quickly. The helmsman and the navigator are already highly solicited by their primary task during a battle, I don't think it's a good idea to distract them with the tactical tasks.
And finally, we have the setting introduced in TMP and which became the norm with TNG: a tactical station is operated by an officer of the security department, generally its chief himself. It provides a new perspective on the security team. At least, we know what the officer's doing with its console unlike all those extras (or even Troi in the movies) who are only pushing buttons.
We have the original setting we can see in The Corbomite Maneuver and Balance Of Terror. The weaponry is controlled by a specific crew. In Corbomite, they're under the navigator's command and in Balance they're directly obeying to the Captain. It's a naval (or submarine) setting. I find interresting to see Lieutenant Bailey commanding this crew, it gives value to his rank. In Balance, it provided a less bridge centered action, but this episode also shown us how this setting could be inefficient. If Spock haven't returned to the phaser room, nobody would have fired on the Romulan vessel. It's really not an optimal setting and it's quite odd to have an under-automated weaponry on a highly advanced.
We have after that the classical setting for TOS: the weaponry's directly controlled at the helm and the navigation. It's no more a boat or a submarine, it's a fighter aircraft. It's more efficient, but the action becomes really more bridge centered. As we can see in Search for Spock, it's perfect for a skeleton crew. However, I don't think it's the best setting. If the ship needs to use its weapons, it also means it needs to move quickly. The helmsman and the navigator are already highly solicited by their primary task during a battle, I don't think it's a good idea to distract them with the tactical tasks.
And finally, we have the setting introduced in TMP and which became the norm with TNG: a tactical station is operated by an officer of the security department, generally its chief himself. It provides a new perspective on the security team. At least, we know what the officer's doing with its console unlike all those extras (or even Troi in the movies) who are only pushing buttons.