The Federation is NOT surrounded by enemies. We've seen the maps.
The Federation has no armed forced as we understand that term. They say so and we've seen no contradictory evidence to say otherwise.
The Federtion is a mishmash of various TOTALLY ALIEN cultures working together for a common good which is NOT based on fear of outsiders or protection from enemies but mutual benefit and growth. We've seen the easy interaction of multiple humans with unfamiliar species and societies, both as members of the federation and non members. At no time do the react with xenophobia. Modern humans cannot make that claim even about one another. Ergo something has changed.
The Federation is organized around basically democratic values and seems to have a Bikl of Rights similar to thise enjoyed in the west (Innocent until rpoven guilty, etc). They have a President and in several of the novels (AotF cheif among them) we have seen the workings of that government and hints of the election process.
The Federation, officially, does not enjoy capitalism as we know it but seems to enjoy a complex barter system based not on currency but on exchange of information and skills. Multiple officers have expressed surprise that a new culture is "still using money." While, also being comfy with the fact that the Ferengi Alliance is driven it.
Replicator technology, alone, would remove nearly every motivation for conflict that currently exists and would, necessarily, shape the DESIRE for armed forces, out of humanity just as constant contact with and intermarriage with aliens has shaped xenophobia out of most of us (except Bones who is still a bigot on some level).
And, of course, we have the unequivocal, unparsable statements by members of the fictional society who describe it as something other than the opposition asserts.
I take the members of that society, fictional or not, at their word when describing where and how they live. Why don't you?
Surrounding by enemies or not does not affect whether or not a military exists. One need not be surrounded to have one. Neither does one need to have one if surrounded.
They do too have armed forces. Every ship has weapons (even the science vessels) and every officer takes a phaser with them on away missions (even peaceful ones). They are all every bit of armed.
Now, we're talking about the Federation (the government) not Starfleet (the military). The Federation is that which they joined. The nation of the Federation however is protected by their military--Starfleet.
The federation is democratic.. Starfleet is ABSOLUTELY NOT democratic, otherwise they wouldn't have a rank structure and orders would never be given, each officer would vote on every decision.
Not sure how capitalism affects a military's existance...
Replicator tech removed most of the internal conflict, yes. But given all the ludicrous amounts of space and ground battles we've seen in all Star Trek series obviously this hasn't removed any such conflicts at all. Not to mention the lack of conflict does not have any bearing on whether or not a military can exist. Conflict does not need to exist for a military to exist too. Does the US military suddenly cease existing when all wars are over and it is peace time? Of course not.
These statements are hardly unequivocal and unparseable. You need to take them all into context. If you are heavily armed and trying to meet new people, why would you tell them "We are a military organization" when you know (as evidence by this thread especially) that the preconceived ideas behind a military are that they are militant and belligerent. Picard choosing to state that they are an Exploratory organization helps diffuse
the idea that they are just flexing their muscle. Just like as you pointed out that Sisko stated he was a soldier because that's what he was doing at the time. So does this make him NOT an explorer too? Just because Sisko is a soldier, doesn't exclude him from being an explorer. Just like Starfleet being exploratory does not exclude them from being military.
No. Sisko said he was a soldier because he perceives himself to be a soldier. Sisko is not, personally, an explorer. What exploring does he do? Just as he is not personally a doctor.
Picard described an entire organization, not just himself. There's no parsing. There's no wiggle room.
Starfleet is not a military organization.
Its purpose is exploration.
End of story.