I said early on that I would concede paramilitary. Police are paramilitary. So are the Boy Scouts. So is the Salvation Army.
Police don't have courts martial. The Boy Scouts don't have weapons, and neither does the Salvation Army (which is actually a religious organization and doesn't even qualify as a paramilitary organization). And none of them is charged with national defense, operates capital ships, or is capable of placing the state under martial law.
You guys don't take the members of Starfleet at their word (which I find odd), claiming they are either naive or lying, but, for me, it's simple. They are what they say they are. It's not just Picard who has made that statement. Multiple officers in multiple series have done the same. Even Quark does, though it's through the lens of Ferengi disgust.
For every line you quote to say that Starfleet isn't a military organization, we've presented you with a half dozen references that negate your argument. If anyone is failing to take the series' canonical evidence on its face, Geoff, it's you.
Using a military management style doesn't make you the military nor does the possession of deadly weapons. Soldiers don't have the option of shooting their opponents with tranquilizer darts or stun gas instead of bullets. Generals don't claim to be explorers when engaged in a campaign (or ever really).
Having courts martial and the ability to impose martial law, and being tasked with national defense, however, does constitute a military organization. Name even one other type of organization that meets these criteria Geoff, even one. You can't. Because only a military organization meets these criteria.
As for the use of non-lethal weapons, I hate to burst your bubble, but the U.S. Army, U.S. Marine Corps, and U.S. Navy all have been developing non-lethal weapons for urban combat and crowd control. They're working on sonic weapons, shock weapons (such as tasers), and pulses to cause everything from stinging sensations to bowel discomfort, as alternatives to deploying deadly force.
And historically, there is ample precedent for military vessels serving as the means for exploration and scientific inquiry. The famous voyage of Charles Darwin, in which he visited the Galapagos Islands and began making observations that would later prove critical to his evolutionary theory, occurred during his time aboard the H.M.S.
Beagle --- a British warship tasked with such military duties as protecting trade routes and suppressing piracy.
So it makes sense that, when under threat, those ships would be retasked for battle. But, until the Dominion showed up, they weren't designing ships for war or training the mass of their people for it either.
They don't see themselves that way.
That speaks to their ethos, but not to their organization, Geoff. It is possible for an organization to be
military without being
militaristic. Military does not mean aggressive or belligerent. It is simply a term that describes the structure and inherent powers of an organization.
Starfleet meets
every one of the popularly defined criteria for a military organization, and the scope of its powers and its responsibilities are far too broad for it to be classified as a paramilitary organization.
Words have meanings, Geoff, and those meanings don't change simply because you bear antipathy for the words themselves (or the concepts behind them).