Re: Why are the "enlightened/evolved" humans so interested in violence
So the new social order (no violence/crime/poverty/greed etc) is driven not by a (biologic) change in humanity but rather a change in the environment?
Of course, just like Europe is a very different place now than 200 years ago, or 500 years ago, even though people haven't biologically evolved for hundreds of thousands of years.
Is this order imposed from above, a result of the gift economy, the spread of knowledge, or an artificial biological enhancement — almost like a vaccine or genetic manipulation — that takes away the dark impulses?
Definitely the former, since a) we've been told over and over that genetic engineering is forbidden in the Federation, and b) none of the Human characters seem to be particularly different from real life modern day humans, they certainly do have violent impulses, they fight, they hate...
I don't believe that Humans of the 24th century do not have a propensity for violence. We are just supposed to believe that the society has an efficient while also humane way of containing the potential violence, so the crime rates are very low. (I don't think for a moment that it literally doesn't exist, that would be a fairytale rather than SF.) How exactly it does that... That's an extremely interesting question, and one that would be very interesting to see Trek really tackle. We usually just hear the characters talk about Earth as a "paradise", we rarely get to see it.
But that makes it hard to reconcile with the notion that crime (at least the violent sort) is no more on Earth. The penal system is quite lenient, so apparently it's not due to fear of punishment.
Is it really? We were told that offenders are put in "reorientation centers". That implies some sort of psychological therapy. What are those therapies like? They might be very humane, or they might be more like
One Flew Over the Cookoo's Nest, and the treatments might be something similar to the infamous behaviorist therapy techniques (or, to use another famous fictional version of this,
Clockwork Orange). For all we know, the reorientation centers might be in some ways creepier than the maximum security prisons of today - you might not get beaten, raped or in danger of getting killed, but the intrusion may be far greater if you're having people poking through your mind and trying to "reprogram" you and change your entire personality.
Maybe it's because of the gift economy — people don't need to rob to get what they want — and a combination of medical/genetic treatments that stops otherwise sociopathic people from acting on their natural tendencies (those who kill with little or no reason).
And here we run into the problem of the alleged ban on genetic modifications. People kill and commit violence for a variety of reasons, many of which have nothing to do with money and material possessions. No gift economy (if that's what it is) would help eradicate sexual crimes, crimes of passion, hate crimes (in every sense of the word - the American legal one or the literal one) etc.