Humanity recovered and utterly changed in mere 50 years since the end of WW3, although, it could have taken far less than that even... a decade tops, but fine, 50 years it is.
I don't understand why it would have taken the Vulcans 1500 years to change. They are exceptionally intelligent, and for a species that supposedly values logic and has very advanced technology, it shouldn't have taken them that long.
My take on it has always been that the Vulcans rely on logic too rigidly and by that suppress their intuition a bit too much, which sometimes plays a vital part in understanding concepts in a new way, hampering their progress. This would probably make them very adapt in finetuning existing technology, but less in engineering radical new concepts.