Given that I can taste the difference between milk that comes from a Jersey milk cow as oppose to a Holstein milk cow, even after it's been pasteurized, yes I think people in general would be able to taste that "something" was off about the artificial food from a replicator
In the remake of the movie "The Fly" after Jeff Goldblum basically replicated a steak, Geena Davis could taste that it possessed a artificial favor.
How real is the food that comes from a replicate? I take for granted that what comes out of the slit is nutritious. But if you ate a replicated steak, like in "The Fly," is that replicated cooked meat exactly, down to the genetic level, a segment of cow muscle tissue? Or is it just "something" that looks, smells and has a similar texture of a actual steak?
Try it from this direction, the impression I received from the shows is that they can't yet replicate a Human body organ that can be transplanted into a Human being. Doctor Pulaski couldn't just replicate Captain Picard a new heart when his mechanical heart became defective. The replicator was unable to produce a real, wet, ready to be shock into motion heart. What came out of the replicator slit might have
LOOKED like a Human heart, but it ony would have
LOOKED like one, it wasn't actual going to be the real genetic article. It could not be made to function.
The same with the steak on your dinner plate. It isn't a real. Not down to the genetic level. For want of a better term it is a facsimile of a steak.
----
After Worf was adopted by Sergey and Helena Rozhenko, he was raised on the planet Gault, Which on the internet is described as either a farming colony or a agricultural planet. Now this isn't Earth, but it does show that humans grow food for more then a hobby. Or maybe tens of thousands of Humans moved to another star system just to get away from that nasty replicated food
---
Imagine if there was no wildlife, and one of them died! Would they be able to do what those rugby players did in that plane crash in th 70's???
Geordi might have been mentally cultural incapable of eating a killed wild animal, but Worf
might in the same situation have culturally preferred the same killed wild animal.