According to the tech manuals, the particles that make up the transported subject's body are actually transmitted to the destination (in what's called the matter stream) and reassembled in their original form. That's the only way you could have a teleportation system that can beam to any location. Matter can't be created out of nothing, after all. If teleportation were dependent on imposing a pattern on a new set of particles at the destination, then you could only teleport to a pre-existing receiving station with a matter supply already present.
Of course, that leaves the unanswered question of where the matter came from to create the duplicate Kirk in "The Enemy Within" or the duplicate Riker in "Second Chances." But those are exceptions to the rule. Officially, you're made of the same particles at the destination that you started with before beaming. (Even though, from a quantum-mechanical standpoint, that doesn't matter. It's your quantum information defining the positions and states of the particles that defines you as a unique entity; the particles themselves are indistinguishable and interchangeable. It only makes a difference in that it allows the transporter to operate without needing a receiving station.)