Ohh, not this again. This has cropped up every couple of months for the past several years, because for some reason nobody remembers the many previous times it was trumpeted on the Internet as some miraculous "new" breakthrough.
This is not "transparent aluminum." It is a transparent form of alumina, a compound of aluminum and oxygen, also known as corundum or emery. It's the stuff that rubies and sapphires are made of, so it's really no surprise that it's transparent. It's not metal, it's glass. Just as normal glass is made from silica, a compound of silicon and oxygen, so this type of glass is made from alumina. Alumina is not aluminum any more than water is hydrogen.
Now, it is a very impressive kind of glass, strong enough to work as armor. It could conceivably fill the role that "transparent aluminum" fills in Trek, a very strong glasslike substance. But it is not aluminum and it is not a metal. And it is not new.