1: How was the TMP visual effect created? ...
As I recall, the cylinder around the pad was created with long exposures of laser beams shining on a spinning wire rig. A similar laser trick was used for other effects in the movie, too.
The energy flowing over the person's actual body was made by having multiples of painted artwork superimposed while moving in different directions, creating a moiré pattern.
These are mostly correct, although there was also use of shining a laser through broken bits of crystal candy dishes. If you have access to the TMP Director's edition DVD, listen to the commentary track, Trumbel goes into this effect in some detail.
--Alex