The Doomsday Machine could be just as alive as V'Ger or Data is (or was). It could be a living machine traveling thru space like Tin Man but one that "eats" planets for fuel, Like Galactus.
It “could be” alive, in the same sense you can speculate the same thing about any mysterious object floating through space. However, I see no evidentiary basis for the hypothesis. My telephone exhibits more complex and sophisticated behavior than the Doomsday Machine.