Hey, I *liked* the TSFS chairs..!
But while it served its purpose in TSFS, it's very dated and almost laughable now. Still, seeing it all shiny in the theatres at the time made me want to run home and immediately build the bridge set in Lego. Which I did.
At the time, they DID have the TMP bridge set kicking around, and it was already pressed into dual service as the Grissom's bridge (and also pulled double duty as the Reliant's bridge in the previous movie). Still, they wanted to show that the Excelsior was really the next step forward, so they went all out with the all-touchscreen interface, using CRT tech as they really only could. I like what they did, and if they'd had twice as much budget I'm sure the bridge (and for that matter all the OTHER TSFS sets) would have looked a whole lot better, and would have been lit better as well. Chalk it up to a rookie feature film director playing it safe with lighting and budget choices.
As for the TUC Excelsior, it was also a budget decision to re-use the set, but they made choices to set it apart from the E-A in the same film, aside from ripping out the rear wall and putting a big MSD there. There were no physical controls as the E-A had (even though THOSE were anachronistic as the E-A was all-touchscreen in TFF), and of course they cribbed those forward consoles from TNG storage.
I do think that if they tried to make Excelsior all super-futuristic in TUC compared to our heroes' ship, it could have become too different a visual rather than having her there as "just another ship in the fleet" whose special nature would be lost on the casual viewer. And also, in the following film the E-B evolved this bridge design even further, so that precedent was set as well (and even further, considering how it eventually showed up as the Prometheus and Equinox bridges.
Mark