The Prime Directive is a good guideline, but applying it should be taken on a case by case basis.
I actually agreed with Picard's position in "Homeward". It would've taken hundreds of Starships working around the clock to evacuate that planet, and then they'd have to find another world and resettle them while leaving a sizable team of experts to help the people adjust to their new world and deal with the amount of extreme damage this would've all done to them in the first place.
And after they did this, it would set a precedent. The pro-interventionalists on Earth would keep using it as an example of what they should be doing ALL the time.
Where are the ships, personnel and resources for this kind of Galactic Babying supposed to come from? Starfleet would have to pull assigned personell from other duties to do so, like defense.
You just have to look at the bigger picture and most of these "monstrous" actions actually make sense, even if you don't like them.
I think you vastly overestimate how often extinction events occur, even distributed amongst, say, ten thousand worlds with intelligent life, on the timescale of humanoid existence. Even then, many of the ones that do occur involve object collision, which are really easy to deal with when you have a tractor beam and are able to catch the offending objects hundreds of years before they strike.
On the other hand, an economic argument is far more palatable than a moral one in this case.
Caveat: I love TOS and Kirk.
"You're . . . stagnant. . . . You were meant to struggle . . . and CLAW yourwaythroughlife, not be . . . happy. You'll suffer . . . and . . . cry . . . but . . . we'll send a team of Federation advisors later. Bye."
As several posters have already mentioned, the Prime Directive of TOS was a much different animal from the Prime Directive of later Trek. The TOS version was a compassionate directive aimed at preventing the inadvertent harming of others. It was never used to justify standing idly by while others suffered or died. And it certainly never advocated allowing an entire civilization to die in order to preserve their "natural development." I mean, really, I thought the argument that "we had to destroy the village in order to save it" was discredited decades ago.
In contrast, the Prime Directive depicted in TNG and later Treks is an immoral and cowardly document. It uses the rather staggering conceit that, in all the universe, we are somehow set apart from the "natural order" and therefore have no obligation - moral or otherwise - to help when others are endangered.
The argument has been made, in reference to the TNG episode "Homeward," that Picard did the right thing by standing idly by while the last of a doomed civilization perished on the planet below him, because he could only have saved a few of those people and those few would be so traumatized by the loss of their civilization that it would be better to let just them die naturally. The problem with that argument is the astounding arrogance of it. Maybe the survivors would be hopelessly devastated by the trauma or maybe not. Either way, it is not Picard's place to decide whether another's life is worth preserving or not.
Sometimes nasty things like said meteor collisions and other disasters are ultimately good for a civilization to grow and change. Adversity and all that are necessary things for any civilization to go through if they want to become stronger and better. If you baby them through everything they may never realize their own potential as a culture because they never had to really go through anything bad to begin with.
Almost every problem could be solved without affecting the course of a civilization and ages before the civilization to be affected even became aware of the issue. The very few that couldn't would come along once a century. Starfleet need only pay attention to undertake this rather modest galactic welfare state.
Like I said, you go around babying everyone then they'll never overcome adversity on their own and become a bunch of pansies who never had to really work for anything because Galactic Big Brother was always there to keep every scratch from happening.
And they'd still have to pull a huge number of personnel and ships off of other duties to actively search out every single endangered planet in existence and mess around with them.
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