Multiple targets just aren't that common in Star Trek, because until today, it has been prohibitive to show those.
They were double in the Kelvinverse. We even see twin phaser turrets on the Kelvin during the attack (i.e. the poor crewmember who gets blown out of the hull breach and bounces off one of the pair).
The main hero ship also has twin turrets, in gorgeous closeup when the Academy shuttles take Kirk and McCoy to her. What we don't see is twin beams - when the banks of the
Kelvin fire, the two beams go in different directions, rather than converging on the same target as in TOS. So TOS stands out in "wasting" two beams on the same target for unknown reasons. Elsewhere, there's no such waste until that one weird shot in DS9 "Sacrifice of Angels". And, arguably, in "Best of Both Worlds II" where the definition of firing all weapons changes from the single phaser plus torps of "BoBW I" to triple phasers plus torps. And never mind that the additional phasers fire from where there are no emitters, and that the beams don't really converge on the same target.
Apart from TOS/TWoK, firing "broadsides", that is, multiple simultaneous beams, never was a thing before ENT, which was the first show to afford CGI capable of showing said. Then again, ENT also featured the first proper multitarget battles, one TNG occasion and perhaps two DS9 shots notwithstanding.
Timo Saloniemi