That doesn't explain why everyone else tolerated it, particularly Picard and Riker given Data is essentially treating the death of a fellow officer in a lighthearted manner at an official briefing.
I forgot about that detail, the engineer-of-the-week merry-go-round goldshirt (since TNG swapped red and yellow for the security and engineering divisions) had died in an accident and all of a sudden everyone's questioning the robustness of the shiny new ship... Later season 1 stories do discuss the "enlightened" status of the crew, which would explain their calmheadedness and detachment and other things that ther DSM-V may or may not be able to answer in other ways, but I digress: The senior staff clearly overlooking the severity of it all to indulge in Data's antics, and for the sake of argument let's say that's because they acknowledge the breadth and depth of Data's capabilities and quirks (sans some minutiae that thankfully the crew ignore as Picard responds with some of his own... never mind Riker's own colloquialism piquing Data's interest to begin with... which means, it's more likely just questionable scripting choices to make this mishmash of juxtaposed dialogue... Dr Soong would definitely program Data with everything from the 19th century... or maybe not

, but some of the surrounding themes and principles are timeless, so Data may understand some of the techniques without knowing the individuals (real or fiction) engaging in them.)
Then again, when everyone's questioning the ship's stability and the life of everyone on the ship, that's not exactly time to be dawdling either - no matter how calm and enlightened future-human is said to be, the phrase "save it for later" does come to mind... the song as well, but that was yesterday. Meanwhile:
Season 1 of TNG, much as I do love it, had a partial habit of mismatching serious scenes with questionable frivolity. Another great example is showing us Geordi's VISOR from his perspective-- in a scene already set up in requiring immediate urgency, and a simple fix for that episode is to not spring the real depth and breadth of an emergency until Geordi confirms the problem via the VISOR and reports it. (Any ship can be in distress or broken down, sure, but their traipsing into a post-battle setup alone is a giveaway that what's going on is too large and severe. Especially when life support systems, propulsion, navigation, and all communication systems are down, that's not a sign of "Let's treat this casually." )