But conversely, the parents could be argued to have the right to choose risk when the child cannot choose independently either way. After all, the requirement to choose safety is based on the idea that safety trumps risk - but that idea may not hold in the TNG environment. Safety could be seen as more harmful to the child than risk.
Nonsense. Nobody has the right to endanger another person without that person's consent. Since children are incapable of consenting, their parents/guardians therefore do not have the right to endanger them.