The human
F-302 fighters were mostly used as interceptors against other small ships, though they were occasionally used as bombers attacking larger ships or ground instalaltions. The
Wraith Dart fighters were exclusively interceptors, they didn't carry heavy weapons. In the rare occasions when they attacked hardened ground targets that their light energy weapons couldn't damage, they generally resorted to ramming the target at maximum speed. Those were mostly off-book usages, though, day to day, Darts were used a transporter-like device to beam up humans for the Wraith to feed on later, and their weapons were mostly used for taking pot-shots at human settlements to encourage the people to come out into the open where they could be beamed up.
The Goa'uld also had fighters,
Death Gliders. They also weren't equipped for heavy attacks (the Goa'uld used another ship, the
Al'Kesh, as a heavy bomber for attacking ground targets and large ships), and were likewise mostly used to terrorize human settlements to keep them from getting rebellious, and to fight other Death Gliders in the Goa'uld's endless internal warfare (it's made explicit during the show that Goa'uld haven't taken war seriously in a long time, and it's basically their version of sports most of the time, so they don't care that they're not being as effective as possible militarily by using armies whose primary purpose is to intimidate enslaved people in actual combat). There were
Ori fighters, as well, but pretty much everything I said about the Death Gliders applies to them, except the war-as-sport part.
