In the silent film days, cameras were hand-cranked and the usual frame rate was 16-18 FPS. When sound-on-film (optical soundtrack) came in, the frame rate was standardized at 24 FPS to ensure sound fidelity. Older silent footage would be sped up when it was incorporated into the new "talkies." The speed-up wasn't intentional; it was simply unavoidable.
That makes a lot of sense. I knew it had something to do with the slower original frame rate, but I'd forgotten about the hand-crank cameras, which can also make the framerate uneven.