It is indeed "FORTUNATE SON"! You got most of the clues right, but I copied and pasted mine from scratch...
1. Needing information... A Nausicaan is captured for information.
2. Trust is broken... Matthew Ryan broke Captain's Keene's trust when he acted the way he did while he was injured.
3. A look at this culture... Even though they are human, the Boomers have a unique culture from the rest of humanity.
4. Repairs are made... Archer lends his crew to help repair the Fortunate.
5. A speech from an unlikely source... Travis gives a speech to Ryan over the com, something we don't expect from him.
6. A good meal... Ryan has a good meal, which he thinks was all Travis needed to leave the Boomer life.
7. Two places at once... Ryan says he heard that someone can feel they are in two places at once when using the transporter.
8. I want to try it... Travis says he wants to try the transporter.
9. Take it back... Archer threatens Ryan that he will take back all the upgrades and equipment he gave out.
10. Bad time for a hole in the wall... Ryan shoots at the bulkhead with Archer and his crew, causing air to get sucked out.
11. Drop it as a distraction... The shot open cargo pod Archer is on is dropped by the Fortunate to give them time to escape the Enterprise.
12. The name of this ship is apt, considering how the situation ended... Fortunate is lucky the Enterprise came along at the end when she did.
Also, Ryan surviving the previous ship works.
Your turn, Freshmeat!