Political parties are necessary in order to get ordinary citizens interested in politics. Most people don't have the time or patience to bother with politicians giving empty promises about lowering taxes and enacting change, which most know is just a way to make their campaign look good and none of that will be accomplished once they get in office. However, a political party can offer an ideology which a citizen can identify with and will vote for accordingly.
And again, you're back down to tribalization.
And besides that, in terms of government, political parties are necessary for purposes of staffing the opposition. Having the opposition be comprised of the other party that did not win the election helps create a balanced government. With no parties, who forms the opposition? With no opposition, how do you truly have a balanced government? If you're not going to have a balanced government, you essentially have a dictatorship.
The opposition is everybody else that isn't your candidate.
You balance the government by having the citizenry evaluate all the candidates and allocate their voting power to the candidates of their choice in any which way they feel like.
Every citizen can split up their total voting power of 100 points per citizen into any number of integer point allocations amongst any number of candidates they feel is suitable to represent them. As long as the total "≤ 100" it will be fine.
All Candidates go in with Voting power relative % per seat equal to how much each citizen in their region allocates to them.
Every seat gets 1.0 voting power with all the representatives per seat get proportional voting power that is ≤ 1.0 based on how much voting power they were assigned by their constituents that voted for them.
Ergo Proportional Representation per seat with unlimited candidate choices, no party affliations are allowed for anybody. Every candidate is on equal footing since they can't be affliated with any political organization.
Each candidate gets to sit at the seat and represent their constituents with the voting power that they were assigned by the people they represent.
We have computers and open spreadsheets to tally up final voting results easily, transparently, for all to see.
You balance the government by voting for those who represent you as a individual citizen in the best possible way.
It's not a dictatorship because you vote for new candidates each cycle and every single election cycle (All existing incumbent candidates are REQUIRED to take 1 year time off from running for any elected government office position at any level).
Ergo you have a fresh batch of people to represent you every single election cycle. There will bo no "Incumbent Effect" where a single representative gets to sit at their seat perenially like in US politics.
This also avoids the issue of candidates wasting their final year in office campaigning since it forces them to take 1 year time off and they can't campaign during their time in office.
All Candidates would be required to campaign on their personal free time for that year or longer should they choose to run for government office again.
It would not solve the problem. You cannot force a person to think.
Yes you can, by offering no "Branded Political Organization", everybody MUST think when they vote and allocate their voting points.
Instead of turning off their brains and mindlessly dumping their votes to their beloved political party like a Sports team.