Not comparable unless there is a adversary UN-equivalent developing weapons to use against UN members.
But the Romulans aren't a UN equivalent, or a Federation equivalent. They are an empire. Because of that, the Federation is
always at a disadvantage socio-politically, because they have the burden of holding together a trust. They're unity is a vulnerability as well as a strength
The point still stands, in that the federation is just that, a group collected for the purpose of having peaceful relations, and some of those relations have a good faith understanding that it can only be the trust that it is, if it can be trusted. Sneak attack weaponry goes against that construct. Espionage goes against it, which is why they hide & disavow whenever they do that too, because they shouldn't be doing it, as it is not operating in good faith, & while some outside influences can generally be considered to be ones you can't have good faith relations with, some, like the Romulans, use the gambit of politics to play against the UFP, hoping they will falter in their convictions, because that's how you topple the trust.
If the Cardassians are coming up with bioweapons in
Chain of Command, should the Federation be coming up with some to match? Hell no, & the above is one of the reasons why. I'd argue the primary one.
My point is that the best course is to play to your strengths, & not your soft spots. Klingons got cloaks, & as long as they can trust you, they got your back when you need the thing anyhow. They stay with the UFP because it is wiser than dealing with the Romulans. Why? Because you can't trust
them. Trust is the only currency they have. Why squander it trying to keep up with the dirty dealing?