Would you deny that MGS4 is a Kojima game? Yeah, Ryan Payton influenced it by making it control like a game instead of a carpal tunnel syndrome simulator, but the jiggling breasts and two hour cutscenes?
Given the way Levine has spoken out against cutscenes and the fact that he feels that the ending was somewhat of a failure, I think it's fair to say that Bioshock is a Ken Levine game.
A game would not be the game it is with a different project lead. And a game would not be the game it is without the same project team. It is much much more a collaborative effort then a film which is what makes your "makeup artist" analogy invalid. And I think it's a shame that you'd diminish the contribution of the very talented team that created Bioshock because you can name drop the lead.
What you can attribute to the lead is the overall direction. If the lead of Bioshock 2 understands that direction and the key talent on the team is still in place (or the new talent also understands what made the first game a success), then Bioshock 2 will likely be a good successor.