I remember Nick Fury referring to the Helicarrier as a "boat" at one point, and that reminded me of Firefly, even if it wasn't intentional. But what I really want to know is if a character ever says "I get that."
Yes, Steve/Captain America gets to utter that line.
He doesn't "get" who Stephen Hawking is when Coulson mentions him.
He doesn't get what Yoga is when Tony says it, explains it as calisthenics.
Then, when Nick Fury mentions "flying monkeys", he sits up and says that line "I get that, I get that reference!"
Also, another good line that got some laughs in both my viewings was:
"Clench up Legolas"
RE: The love interest discussion
I was fine with the explanation for Jane Foster getting an urgent request for help in some remote location. Because too many love interest and/or tangents into personal stories might bog things down it's why Joss cut out the Peggy scene it seems.
I do think it would've been interesting to have Betty Ross in there somewhere. Perhaps already on the Helicarrier, part of a lure to get Bruce to come if Natasha couldn't persuade him with just the data?
Re: Should I see TIH to help with this film
Sadly I wouldn't say so, the ties are thin. The film is good though on it's own. The only solid reference in The Avengers to TIH is when Bruce says "The last time I was in NY I kinda destroyed Harlem". IMO, Bruce's control over the change is highly evident in this film as TIH ends with Banner showing a growing control over the beast inside him.
Re: Ms.Marvel
It's mentioned that the "other realms" are now aware of Earth's new standing in the universe. I'd say that awareness could be why Carol Danvers ends up in SHIELD. She's an agent in waiting for the Kree but becomes loyal to humanity. Seems an easy enough fit tweaking her story as necessary, slimming it where needed cause her
entire backstory is a bit full.
Re: Thanos/Vision and sequel discussion
So with Thanos on the horizon I think we can rule out Vision showing up. Sticking with more cosmic characters seems likely. If for no other reason you technically need Ultron before you get Vision since Ultron created Vision as a tool to get revenge on Pym and the Avengers.
Which brings us to Pym/Ant-Man/GiantMan, if he's brought into the MCU in the next few years Ultron could be teased post credits of Avengers 2 I'd think. Thus allowing for Vision easily.
I mean with Thanos I can imagine a scenario where since we have other worldly visitors in Thor and Loki we might could see
Adam Warlock dropping in on Earth to appraise our readiness. With dialogue informing us that the Chitarri invasion was nothing compared to what Thanos will do, or some such speech.