Isn't it also possible that many of these races may in fact be nationalities?
I wonder if aliens hear humans talk about Russians, Japanese, Americans, etc, and think that they're referring to a species.
Maybe, and I’ve pointed that out in some of my replies, but I’ve tried to choose only names that likely refer to species.
( When Neelix tells Paris he knows warp theory from having worked as an engineer’s assistant on a Trabalian freighter, he’s likely referring to a species as Paris wouldn’t likely know Talaxian colonies or corporations, and Neelix would have otherwise just told him he’d worked on a freighter. (Would you tell a Klingon you’d worked on a “Taiwanese” freighter? It would mean little to them.)
They could have discussed a “Talaxian Colony of Trabalia” or “The Trabalian Freight Corporation” before, and you could slot that in like SNW reinterpreting Kirk’s line about discovering the Gorn, but it’s inconsistent with this show/writer’s likely intent.
Here’s an easier one to do that though and knock a previous addition off the list: when Wixiban is telling Neelix about doing time in the Ubean prison, both would know who the Ubeans are and if they’re a Talaxian people/entity or of another humanoid species we’ve already met.)
Here’s some of the ones I’ve previously left out because they could go either way or point to not being species:
1. In VOY’s “Dreadnaught” there’s the exchange:
WILDMAN: It doesn't have to be a human name. I like Sural. It's Vulcan.
EMH: Yes, unfortunately it was also the name of a dictator on Sakura Prime, famed for beheading his rivals, and his parents.
Is Sakura Prime a Vulcan colony, a Gallamite or world of another species we already know, or are there native Sakurans that should make it to this list? It’s unclear, but because the Doctor didn’t refer to a specifically Sakuran dictator, I didn’t feel it likely enough to include it on my list.
2&3. In VOY’s “Investigations” Neelix is on the hunt for the traitor onboard and studying subspace transmission logs:
TORRES: Transmissions are logged on by date and time. Anything else?
NEELIX: No. I'll be fine. Thank you very much.
…
NEELIX: Voyager to Mithren… Mithren again… Voyager to Kotati…
There’s a good chance those are aliens species…but they could also be Talaxian colonies or those of other aliens we’ve already met:
NEELIX: There are lots of rumours about ships entering Bothan space, never to be heard from again. My sources on Mithren say that they have lost a number of vessels. They say the Botha protect their territory fiercely.
His sources
on Mithren, not
among the Mithren or what have you. Not definitive but later when Janeway’s confronting the Bothan, she refers to the Mithren government not to the “Mithrens” themselves:
JANEWAY: We could destroy your technology. Or adjust your brain wave patterns to prevent telepathy. And then we could turn you over to the government of Mithren. We could even keep you confined in our brig behind a force field.
4. Then there’s the
Botha/Bothans. They’re super territorial, during the entire episode we only ever meet one and he’s constantly manipulating the crew with his telepathy (to the point of never being there), and for all we know his appearance could have been a complete fabrication, another layer of deception, and his people are
completely alien from how he appeared. The Bothans maybe should be on this list.
5. Another one more what you’re looking for from VOY’s “Sacred Ground”:
JANEWAY: That's what I'm guessing. The shamans of the Karis tribe on Delios VII practice a ritual that increases the electrical resistance of their skin. It protects them from plasma discharges in their sacred caves. Something similar must happen during this ritual.
The Karis are likely a tribe/nation of people among a larger group on Delios VII or she would have called them the Karisians or Karisi or something. They could be “Deliosians” or they could be a segment of a larger group we’ve met before. Neo-Luddite Arcturians, say. Or 24th Century (Human) Maasai who’ve never chosen to develop technology themselves to then reject.
EDIT:
A couple of (I think) non-government organizations that could also be reinterpreted as species:
1. From VOY’s “Alliances”:
NEELIX: He was a Takrit, a band of mercenaries that operates in this system*.
TUVOK: What was he doing when the Kazon-Pommar arrested him?
NEELIX: My contact on the planet said that he was making a sketch of the conference site, and believe me the Takrid are not known for their art.
(*A Kazon-Pommar system in which the planet Sobras was located on which Neelix had been before and where he met his contact again in the episode before being arrested.)
Not every species needs to be a monolithic entity. The Takrit
could be a species operating within Kazon space (the local Ferengi or Nausicaans) who share a racial characteristic of being bad at art….
or they could be an upstart Kazon mafia or gang, thugs for hire—in this case to scope out where the majes (princes) were going to meet so the Trabe could assassinate them.
2. In VOY’s “Fair Trade”
Kolaati traders made a fortune trafficking in narcotics near the Nekrit Expanse. Wixiban tried to trade narcotics with a Kolaati called Tosin (who was of a sinister-looking species we’ve never seen before and did meet the description of Kolaati being mean as fire snakes), but who was also with two other aliens of a different species. Either the Kolaati hire/accept others to assist them (like the Orion Syndicate) or the word Kolaati is not a species name. Maybe Kolaati is a vicious local animal (a cobra) or mythological creature (Hells Angel) or something else.