Hmmm...beaming down would be in tune with firing phasers through raised shields. That is a good theory. Although my memories want to say that there is evidence against this, it's been a few years since I last saw any Trek on television. And that leads to false facts and jumbled up theories. However, I do have clearer memories of a TNG episode where I think it was Romulans whom manage to nab Geordi and use his visor as a loop hole for gaining vital information. Like the phase variance frequency to the ship's shielding. Which allows the enemy phasers to pass right through the raised shields. Given that one scene, it would suggest that the ship's own phasers would match this frequency setting to shoot through the shields, much like how a machine gun would shoot through the blades of an old style bi-plane by syncing up to the rhythm of the propeller to avoid destroying it in the process of firing. I suppose teleporters could sync up to that shield frequency to do the same trick.
However, teleporters are a whole ton worth of complications that wouldn't be found in phasers. In fact, I'd bet that there are well over a couple dozen or more episodes that give support to over six theories on how the things work. And all those theories would have a lot of variance. But, that's a topic for what I bet are a lot of threads, already present on this board.
Good post. I was going to say much the same in response to whomever was promoting the "shields only prevent beaming one way" theory but I forgot to do so.
There's no doubt that TNG would deal with this issue by saying that phasers and photon torpedoes can be fired through the shields because of a frequency or phase variance, and in Generations (the 1994 movie), that's essentially what the producers did assert, at least if you take the next logical step from the Duras sisters being able to get a torpedo through the Enterprise's shields by ascertaining and matching the shield frequency. However, in TOS, before there was a technical solution for every problem where Geordi could adjust the resonance dissonator in the quantum replication field to emit an EPS burst from the deflector dish, I have a feeling that the solution was actually more along the lines of the shields as an energy field that was "skintight" around the ship, and the phaser emitters and the torpedo launchers were outside of that field. Alternatively, perhaps the shields could be dropped around the weapons emitters for a split second while they fired, but the emitters would be shielded the rest of the time to prevent an enemy from piercing the shields that way (and disabling weapons as well).
The problem with extrapolating all of this to the transporter is that it's never made clear in TOS, to my knowledge, where the transporter beam is generated and received. Perhaps the shields can't be dropped around that area, or there's something in the matter-to-energy conversion process that makes it far more complex than firing weapons, and thus ill-suited to whatever allows the phasers and PTs to fire out with shields up. Maybe the data stream carrying transporter patterns is actually more intense than a phaser blast. Maybe it's much too fragile to make it through the shields without scrambling the atoms of the people being transported out; we certainly have ample evidence to conclude that transporting was not the safest process even under peaceful, ideal conditions, let alone while under attack. Since the transporter is probably - depending on where you stand on FTL travel - the least likely piece of Trek technology to ever be invented, I don't think there's a whole lot of information on this out there, at least not from the TOS era, but I'm happy to be educated if anyone knows better.
Returning to A Taste of Armageddon, while it's technically true that no one in the episode says that the shields must be lowered for anyone to beam down, the entire exchange between Fox and Scotty on the bridge seems to lose a lot of its meaning and highly dramatic impact if all they're really debating is whether or not to resume a "peaceful status" as a mere token of goodwill. For example, the idea that Fox could end Scott's career because he refused to lower the shields essentially becomes ridiculous, although Scotty and McCoy treat it quite seriously. Could Starfleet really be blamed for keeping the shields up around its prized vessel AFTER it was fired upon and the Eminians faked a ludicrous message from Kirk about "trained Eminians" beaming up to assume duties on board the ship? But more to the point, if Fox could beam down anyway regardless of shield status, who cares? All he needed to do was transport down with his trusty assistant and that large book (I've always wondered if the poor assistant was supposed to have been killed or just hurt in the corridor, and what that book was), and explain that the Enterprise was being commanded by a rogue engineer who refused to lower the shields despite Fox's orders. Problem solved - that is, if the Eminians had been acting in good faith, which of course they were not.
Because of this, I've always preferred to explain this problem by hypothesizing that Scotty moved the ship out of the Eminians' weapons range (confirmed by dialogue) but still kept it within transporter range, enabling Fox to beam down without risk to the ship. The otherwise unexplained line "I knew it had a rotten ring to it" by Scotty (when talking to Spock) seems to suggest that Anan or someone from Eminiar contacted Fox again, offscreen, and urged him to beam down. Two more interesting points for discussion are the fact that Spock sees the need to order Scotty not to allow anyone to beam down from the Enterprise to the planet's surface, which could support either side of this debate, and Scott's decision not to insist that he could not allow Fox to jeopardize his own safety by beaming down given the Eminians' hostile and duplicitous actions.
Basically, one or two lines of dialogue - "Mr. Scott, can you move the Enterprise out of range of the Eminians' weapons but maintain orbit close enough to transport up the landing party? // Aye, Mr. Spock, I've already determined the range of their weapons and given that order. They can't hit us again but we can beam you up at any time." - would have pretty much solved the problem. I wish those lines were in there!