Cloaking devices-There are some theories on this...there is already some practical application requiring mirrors and the like. Metamaterials might also work. Plasma stealth is another possible active stealth technology that some claim is already being used.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_stealth
But this doesn't address making an object invisible to the naked eye. Is the idea here that if one type of plasma can diminish an object's radar cross section, then another type might be able to diminish its presence in the visual spectrum?
Some of the article from the OP doesn't make sense and demonstrates a bit of ignorance regarding some of the shows it refers to.
It claims that we are never given an explanation of how cloaking technology works. On the contrary, we know that Romulan cloaking devices work by bending the light around them. Other stories have created "invisibility" devices by using hundreds of tiny cameras to photograph the background behind an object and project it onto the front surface of the object.
Die Another Day &
G.I. Joe both used this technique and I suspect it may be the root of the cloaking abilities of Predators and the Jem'hadar as well. What I never understood was how Suliban cloaking devices somehow used "radiation" to turn invisible.
The article also claims that we don't know what the other 14 phaser settings do. It's been strongly implied that "stun" & "kill" merely reside on a spectrum of settings, with 10 being a standard setting for "kill." However, some beings are stronger or weaker than others and require higher or lower settings to achieve the desired effect.
The Universal Translator was the first device that came to my mind when I saw the title of this thread. Yes, I know it is a useful storytelling device--especially for the types of stories often seen on Star Trek--but it's not something I expect to ever show up in real life.
Really? Because computers can already identify and translate known languages. Assuming a language is audio based like we use then a translator is an exercise in mathematical algorithms, nothing more.
But the UT in Star Trek translates
unknown languages, and does so instantaneously so that the words even match the speakers lip movements, working so accurately that the characters are able to hold delicate diplomatic negotiations or share detailed technical information.
As for matching the lip movements, I always assumed that that wasn't what the characters were literally seeing but rather a convention to help convey the story to us.
As for understanding a language it's never heard before, we have to remember that, in the
Star Trek universe, there is a lot of parallel evolution going on. We've got planets that directly resemble Earth ("Miri," "Bread & Circuses"). Then "The Chase" established that most humanoid species in the galaxy share some common ancestry. It could be that, ultimately, there are a finite number of language types in the galaxy and that, given a sufficiently sophisticated computer and a large enough sample set of known languages, a computer could quickly learn to translate any new language it encountered in the galaxy. However, a few more first contacts like with the Skreeans in "Sanctuary" would be more plausible.