I think Diane Carey may be the one who came up with this myth. Dreadnought (May 1986) describes Spock as "the first Vulcan computer expert in Star Fleet". Final Frontier (January 1988) then goes one step further, calling him "the first of his kind in Starfleet".I was poking around on Google Books about, using the search terms "first Vulcan" "Spock", and the earliest reference I could find was from Memory Prime in 1989. Of course, Google Books doesn't index things like fanzines, and there are probably plenty of official publications not indexed, too. Then in the 1990s it seems to specifically show up in a lot of Diane Carey novels.
EDIT: From searching the Internet Archive, I see two references to Spock being the first Vulcan, both from stories about Harve Bennett's Starfleet Academy film: Cinefantastique, vol. 22, no. 5, and Gross and Altman's Captains' Logs. I think that would have been pitched around 1989, so maybe it was an idea that Bennett came up with for that that filtered out into fandom from there?
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