I know the thread says 'spoilers', but I'm just warning readers anyway - there'll be spoilers here, and in subsequent posts. I'm going to jot down my thoughts as I read through, which I've not done for a while (the last time was Zero Sum Game, I believe). I'm going to guess that this book warrants it, though. The Rise of the Federation series fleshes out a previously unknown but inarguably essential period of Trek-verse history, and there'll likely be a lot to digest.
So, we open with a quote from Thoris, about the Tower of Babel myth, which of course gives its name to both the Conference Planet(oid) and the novel itself. Thematically, it speaks to the contradictory urges toward unity and fragmentation, the desire to reach out to others and build something with them, wrestling with a fear that many don't want to face up to - the difficulty in trusting, in finding common ground, the excuses and justifications peoples make for holding back. Implicitly, and beyond its general relevance, I find it very interesting that an Andorian is given the quote - being scattered by the All-Knowing deity into separate camps as punishment for hubris, and having to reassemble in unity those sundered pieces; a familiar legend, no? Are you talking about your own people as well as the humans, Thoris? We shall see, I assume.
Thoris speaks of humanity having 'conquered the heavens', which leads in nicely to the prologue, which opens on a Klingon-eye view of the new political status quo. We have an overview of recent developments filtered through Klingon expectations and cultural perspectives; in this version, the crafty, duplicitous Humans have overthrown the Vulcan Empire and taken power themselves, incorporating the Andorians and Tellarites and being ever hungry for further prizes. This is useful in setting up the conflict that will define the 23rd Century - that of the Klingon/Federation cold war, which always seemed from the Klingon side at least to be a specifically Klingon/Human cold war. The Klingons look to the strongest or the supposed strongest and identify power and worth there and there alone; as Martok will one day say, Klingons don't embrace other cultures, they conquer them. There can only be one in the Klingon worldview, a leader and those who are led. Here we see the genesis of the discourse we'll later see threading its way through 23rd Century novels - that of the noble, war-like Klingon Empire facing its rival, the ever-expanding Human Empire, which in supposed contrast to the Klingons is two-faced, hypocritical, cowardly, deceptive and unable to be honest even with itself. Intolerable in the affront it represents, its foundations immoral and dishonourable.
We also see how the QuchHa'/HemQuch divide is deepening, setting up the other major Klingon issue of the century to come - the urge by those who bear the appearance (and, some argue, the psychological traits) of the devious enemy to regain power or prove that they are in fact 'real Klingons'. This examination of who and what is a real Klingon will in turn, as we see in the Errand Of... books among others, feed into a wider cultural examination that sees the revitalization of the Warrior Ethic as promoted by Kahless.
For a short scene, there's a lot acknowledged here; I, at least, read it in part as an exploration, however slight, of how the Klingons that re-emerge at Donatu V many decades from now lead on from those in the Enterprise era.
Anyhow, the Klingon captain cheers himself up by shooting at some Lorillians. (Hello, Lorillians! You do exist, and were another neutered Vulcan protectorate, apparently. Earth apologises for the MACOs who are even now headed to Erigol, causing your world to be annihilated two centuries uptime. The humans will pre-emptively make up for that by trying to save you from Klingons).