I see your point. I guess I just don't think that the Federation could handle such technology, potentially hundreds of years before they would naturally develop it themselves.
That attitude makes no sense. As someone said above, there is no set timetable for technological advance. It goes in fits and starts, a sort of punctuated equilibrium. A civilization's technology tends to remain fairly stable or advance very gradually until the right circumstances come together to prompt a surge forward, and then it can advance very rapidly. China had all the ingredients for an industrial revolution 700 years before Europe did, but China didn't
need one, since it was already a prosperous and successful society as it was. (Europe's industrial revolution was driven mainly by the need to compete with China and pursue its far greater wealth.) And remember, humanity is not a single society, but thousands of them. There are countless examples in human history of a society being introduced to technology well ahead of its own and adopting it successfully. The notion that there's some "natural," steady pace at which technology is "supposed" to advance is completely wrong in every possible way.
As time goes on, attitudes change. What about the reaction of those around the Federation? When an enemy gets a hold of advanced technology that gives them a tactical advantage, how would they feel about it?
How is this even hypothetical? The Federation already has quantum slipstream drive, at least in the novels. That's about as good as transwarp. (Indeed, given that there are so many different ways "transwarp" has been depicted in Trek, I consider it a generic label for any faster-than-warp technology. So slipstream already
is a form of transwarp drive, just one with a less generic name.)
There's just no reason to expect different civilizations to advance in lockstep with each other. That doesn't even make sense on
one planet, let alone an interstellar setting. Any two neighboring sapient species could be thousands or millions of years apart in the beginnings of their respective space ages. Trek implausibly portrays a setting where most neighboring species are at roughly the same level, but it also includes hyper-advanced species like the Organians, Metrons, Q, Edo God, Douwd, etc. And there are plenty of ancient ruins containing hyper-advanced technologies of various sorts like body-switching devices, time portals, and whatnot. Any spacegoing civilization could happen to come into possession of a technology far more advanced than what they or their neighbors have. If anything, it's practically inevitable.
The Tholians for example, refused to assist the Federation during the Borg crisis. From the conclusion of the crisis, should the Federation have been given advanced technology it could prompt a war. The Tholians might fear for their civilisation and take it upon themselves to declare war on the Federation and take the technology for themselves. That last thing the Caeliar would want is to start a war over something they've given to one culture as a good will gesture.
Again, not hypothetical, because of slipstream. This situation already exists, and we've seen how the Tholians respond to it in
Paths of Disharmony.
And why are we talking about the Caeliar giving the Federation transwarp or whatever? I thought the issue on the table was providing aid for postwar reconstruction. How do faster ships alone achieve that goal?
In "Greater Than The Sum", you characterised the Federation as panicking about the Borg gaining Quantum Slipstream technology and thus gaining a tactical advantage. Therefore the Federation went out of their way to stop them by sending the Enterprise to fight the Einstein.
Ummm... the Borg already
had an overwhelming tactical advantage over the Federation, due to their already far more advanced technology and their vastly greater numbers. What they didn't have, in the wake of
Voyager's destruction of their transwarp network, was a way of reaching Federation space to
use that advantage in the near future. The goal was to deny them an alternative means of rapid transgalactic travel. (Which ultimately proved moot when they found the Caeliar subspace corridors. Grrr...)