You keep saying that Captains "aren't that high up", as if they are Air Force fighter pilots sent out to follow orders and do one specific mission and come back. In Star Trek, Starfleet Captains are out in the unknown exposed to all sorts of dangers, representing the Federation in all sorts of important matters, and often on their own make decisions that can affect the course of Humanity and the Federation. Time after time we are told Captains know extremely important information that could turn the tide of a battle if the enemy got a hold of them. There is no reason why Starfleet would deliberately hold back information on the Borg during the 23rd and 24th centuries.
And Starfleet is the exploration arm. The big decisions are made by the pencil pushers. And captains and starships are the most likely ones to get captured for information - it happened in Chain of Command. So why would Starfleet give information like that out to how many hudreds of people?
Starfleet is a Military organization whose many duties involve not just exploration, but also the defence of the Federation. Yeah the big decisions would be made by the pencil pushers, but as I already said:
In Star Trek, Starfleet Captains are out in the unknown exposed to all sorts of dangers, representing the Federation in all sorts of important matters, and often on their own make decisions that can affect the course of Humanity and the Federation.
that also means that they could meet new enemies and it is completely moronic to hide information from them about the Borg, no matter how remote a chance of them meeting them.
And captains and starships are the most likely ones to get captured for information - it happened in Chain of Command. So why would Starfleet give information like that out to how many hudreds of people?
I'm not saying what Starfleet
should do when it comes to who knows what, I'm saying what they
did do. Every Starship in Starfleet holds the prefix codes to all the other ships in Starfleet to disable them. Captains know command codes to their ships and often the command codes to the Federations defences. When Nero was interrogating Pike he wasn't interested in anything that happened a hundred years ago to a ship named Enterprise that we never heard about in the 23rd or 24th centuries. Why the fuck would Starfleet consider the 22nd century Borg incident to be a more valuable a secret than Earths defence codes? They wouldn't.
Admittedly it has been a while since I saw the Enterprise Borg episode. But didn't T'pol trace the message the Borg sent to the Delta Quadrant? And Archer guesstimated that the message would reach them sometime in the 24th century? If so then Starfleet should have been warning their frontline explorers about the possible threat by the time of TNG.
Perhaps at the time they didn't realise how dangerous it cpould be. "Well hey, Archer defeated them in an old NX class ship. our excelsiors and ambassadors will have no trouble."
Archer beat a crappy 22nd century Earth transport that the Borg quickly assimilated and upgraded to make it more than a match to the NX-01 Enterprise. They never saw what a totally Borg ship from that era is capable of. They must have known that if they can turn a civilian transport into such a warship in a few days, their actual warships must have been formidable, much more than anything Starfleet had. And 200 years later they could only have gotten better.
That's right. He wouldn't be briefed on the combat capabilities of a 19th century Frnech warship at all. So why do you suggest that a 24th century captain would be briefed about information 200 years out of date?
Because, and I hate to have to repeat my self again, but I said this:
But the Galaxy is a lot bigger than the Earth is and in the galaxy something that was a threat 200 years ago could come back and be an even bigger threat.
It's hard to make a parallel between the Navy today to Starfleet in the 24th century. After the Earth/Romulan War no one had seen or heard of the Romulans for about 100 years, until the "Balance of Terror". Sometime after the events of "The Undiscovered Country" the Romulans became extremely isolationist and no Federation ship saw them again for about 70 years (at least none that survived the encounter). Until the "Neutral Zone" when the Romulans came back, partially because of the Borg attack on the outposts. There is no modern day equivalent to this. It would be like, to keep on the example of France (this time comparing them to the Romulans), no one seeing or hearing anything about France after 1811 until 1911. The last time anyone saw a French Warship in 1811 they were made of wood and powered by sail, armed with smooth bore black powder cannons. Then when they come back in 1911 their ships are made of metal, powered by steam and armed with mechanically swivelling top mounted heavy cannons. Then they disappear again only to comeback in the 21st century with Diesel and Nuclear powered Warships, with thick armoured hulls and state of the art guided weapons and nuclear missiles.
That's pretty ridiculous to happen on Earth but possible to happen in space because of the vastness and added difficulties of gathering intelligence.
The only thing that could compare to the Borg on Earth's oceans would be a Kraken, Godzilla, or the Cloverfield monster, something that appears from time to time and destroys costal cities.
How would it be unlikely? Throughout Enterprise, TOS and TNG the heroes regularly meet other races that had more advanced technology or had faster ships. They found worm holes, alternative forms of faster than light travel and time travel. Aliens once took over the original Enterprise and radically increased its speed. The Traveler once made the Enterprise D travel so fast they flew well past the known universe into a place literally "Where No one Has Gone Before". It wouldn't have been that much of a stretch to think that it could be possible for a race as advanced as the Borg the NX-Aprise encounter to posses technology that could propel them faster than warp 5.
Unlikely enough that if Q hadn't done anything, contact with the Borg couldn't have happened for decades.
Except, the Borg already made contact with the Federation before "Q Who" in "The Neutral Zone". And why would contact with the Borg take decades without Q? The Borg modified a 22nd century Earth transport that could barely go warp 2 and in a few days could go warp 5. It is pretty easy to guess that the Borg probably had very advanced ships that could go faster than anything the Federation had. Hell, the Federation was experimenting with Transwarp Drive in the 23rd century. Shouldn't Starfleet have thought that it would be more than likely that the Borg already had Transwarp at
that time?
Also, Q wasn't needed to introduce them, the Borg introduced themselves to plenty of people on the outposts along the Romulan Neutral Zone. They just didn't leave any survivors. If it wasn't for Q the next time the Borg showed up again would have been when they assimilated the Earth. But, Q got tired of Picard not listen to his vague warnings about the dangers that await them and showed him what's coming. Q whisking the Enterprise away as the Borg were moving in for the kill in "Q Who" probably made the Borg think that Federation ships had capabilities they didn't, possibly making them try the Locutus thing, which led to the failure of their attack.
Could have been a single vessel out on a scout mission. Still unlikely to bump into them. it's going around, assimilates a few outposts, finds nothing much different to what the Borg are already familiar with in the Delta Quad, so why would the Collective waste its time going after outposts in the Alpha quad when it can get the same stuff much closer to home?
And the events of Q Who may have made the Federation seem more interesting to the Borg, but that still doesn't provide a motivation for why the Federation would tell its captains about the Borg
before that event. Unless you are suggesting that starfleet knows the future...
Why would the Collective waste its time going after outposts in the Alpha quadrant when it can get the same stuff much closer to home? I don't know, I'm not trying to explain the Borg justification for anything. The "Destiny" Trilogy does a pretty good job of explaining the Borgs interest in Humans. They probably went after the Neutral Zone outposts because they might have thought that they would give a good idea of the Federation and Romulan technologies and defences.
I have been saying this whole time that Starfleet Captains should have been told about the Borg ever since Archer met them. Throughout the 23rd and 24th centuries it should have been just general info that a Captain is given, like how a Klingon disrupter works, or a Romulan plasma torpedo or what is the capital of the Tzenkethi home world. Just, info that could be useful someday, but probably is just useless. Something that the Captain is told once in a briefing and it either stays in the back of his or her mind or they forget it after being told.
But once the Enterprise met the Borg at system J-25 and confirmed that the Borg were responsible for the destruction of the Neutral Zone outposts. Starfleet should have been like: "Ok, we have known about this for 200 years now, and we have been expecting a possible attack from them. It's a good thing we have been preparing to fight them for the last 200 years. Working on defeating their personal shields and such."
But obviously that didn't happen because, as I said before the Enterprise Borg episode was a retcon and a stupid one at that.
It just occurred to me that your argument is rather contradictory. You say that the Borg weren't important enough to tell Starfleet Captains about before "Q Who". But information about the Borg was so super ultra top secret that Starfleet considered the intel on them to be more important than the defence codes to Earth. And so highly classified that there wasn't a single piece of information about the Borg in the Enterprise's massive computer database before "Q who". So which is it? It can't be both. It can't be too trivial to tell Captains about at the same time it's too important to let Captains know because the knowledge might fall into enemy hands.